Expand dataset to 4,466 Fajr records across 98 locations (Batch 6)

Added 38 per-date individual DSLR observations from Kassim Bahali et al. (2019)
JATMA 7(2):37-48 across 10 new sites:
- Sabang, Aceh, Indonesia (5.876°N, 95.340°E) — 11 nights Dec 2017
- Yaring, Pattani, Thailand (6.934°N, 101.319°E) — 2 nights Jan 2018
- Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia — 3 nights Feb 2018
- Sumenep, Madura, Indonesia — 3 nights Feb 2018
- Ternate, North Maluku, Indonesia — 3 nights Mar 2018
- South Sulawesi (Gowa area), Indonesia — 6 nights Mar 2018
- Mersing, Johor, Malaysia — 3 nights Jun 2018
- Kuala Rompin, Pahang, Malaysia — 2 nights Jul 2018
- Nenasi Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia — 2 nights Aug 2018
- Kota Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia — 3 nights Sep 2018

Depression angles computed via PyEphem from actual dawn times + coordinates.
Mean D0 range: 17.07° (Pattani) to 19.61° (Kota Tinggi dry season).
Includes first Thailand data point (Pattani) and expanded Indonesian coverage.

+10 new unique locations (88 → 98)
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Aric Camarata 2026-02-25 21:10:50 -05:00
parent d9e8c8b062
commit 77e0a99ef1
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@ -132,6 +132,12 @@ date,utc_dt,lat,lng,elevation_m,day_of_year,fajr_angle,source,notes
2020-09-23,2020-09-22 21:14:00+00:00,-7.645,112.908,4.0,266,16.52718290450369,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pasuruan East Java Indonesia",Pasuruan LAPAN; SH spring; time inferred
2020-12-22,2020-12-21 20:59:00+00:00,-7.645,112.908,4.0,356,16.69329481266569,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pasuruan East Java Indonesia",Pasuruan LAPAN; SH summer; time inferred
2011-06-21,2011-06-20 21:33:00+00:00,-7.55,112.23,44.0,171,16.64428137518168,"Bandung/Jombang study 2012, AIP Conf. Proc. 1454",SQM observation; Jombang lowland site
2018-02-24,2018-02-23 21:36:00+00:00,-7.255,112.803,5.0,54,14.896816749621646,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sumenep Madura Indonesia",DSLR; D0=14.90° computed; partial cloud possible; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-02-25,2018-02-24 21:31:00+00:00,-7.255,112.803,5.0,55,16.139979480455665,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sumenep Madura Indonesia",DSLR; D0=16.14° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-02-26,2018-02-25 21:22:00+00:00,-7.255,112.803,5.0,56,18.353765026314566,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sumenep Madura Indonesia",DSLR; D0=18.35° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-02-21,2018-02-20 21:20:00+00:00,-7.244,112.802,5.0,51,18.653822066742396,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Surabaya East Java Indonesia",DSLR; D0=18.65° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-02-22,2018-02-21 21:21:00+00:00,-7.244,112.802,5.0,52,18.45625542990519,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Surabaya East Java Indonesia",DSLR; D0=18.46° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-02-23,2018-02-22 21:21:00+00:00,-7.244,112.802,5.0,53,18.49648012147469,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Surabaya East Java Indonesia",DSLR; D0=18.50° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2020-03-21,2020-03-20 21:49:00+00:00,-7.212,107.904,717.0,80,16.55517984991157,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Garut West Java Indonesia",LAPAN best-sky station 20.6 mpsas; highland 717m; 7.2°S; time inferred
2020-06-22,2020-06-21 21:50:00+00:00,-7.212,107.904,717.0,173,16.679702736217365,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Garut West Java Indonesia",Garut LAPAN; Southern Hemisphere winter solstice; time inferred
2020-09-23,2020-09-22 21:34:00+00:00,-7.212,107.904,717.0,266,16.54698533045485,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Garut West Java Indonesia",Garut LAPAN; SH spring equinox; time inferred
@ -164,6 +170,12 @@ date,utc_dt,lat,lng,elevation_m,day_of_year,fajr_angle,source,notes
2015-06-01,2015-05-31 21:37:00+00:00,-6.4,106.83,65.0,151,19.376604637544194,"Saksono 2020, NRIAG J. 9(1):238-244, Depok Indonesia",SQM confirmed; near equator observation
2015-06-21,2015-06-20 21:38:00+00:00,-6.4,106.83,65.0,171,20.013330239898416,"Saksono 2020, NRIAG J. 9(1):238-244, Depok Indonesia",SQM sky brightness confirmed Fajr; southern hemisphere
2015-07-15,2015-07-14 21:40:00+00:00,-6.4,106.83,65.0,195,20.58680999808561,"Saksono 2020, NRIAG J. 9(1):238-244, Depok Indonesia",SQM confirmed; winter in southern hemisphere
2018-03-24,2018-03-23 20:52:00+00:00,-5.61,120.467,5.0,82,18.18851884462986,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia",DSLR; D0=18.19° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-03-25,2018-03-24 20:58:00+00:00,-5.61,120.467,5.0,83,16.657830762947693,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia",DSLR; D0=16.66° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-03-26,2018-03-25 20:51:00+00:00,-5.61,120.467,5.0,84,18.360695960774837,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia",DSLR; D0=18.36° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-03-27,2018-03-26 20:48:00+00:00,-5.61,120.467,5.0,85,19.06710656813611,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia",DSLR; D0=19.07° computed; cloud on horizon per paper; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-03-28,2018-03-27 20:54:00+00:00,-5.61,120.467,5.0,86,17.53332611830722,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia",DSLR; D0=17.53° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-03-29,2018-03-28 20:51:00+00:00,-5.61,120.467,5.0,87,18.237730357599805,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia",DSLR; D0=18.24° computed; cloud on horizon per paper; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2022-03-21,2022-03-20 20:53:00+00:00,-5.56,120.41,2.0,79,18.10047087603923,"Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Bulukumba South Sulawesi",Pristine 21.6-22 mpsas; SOOF+SQM comparison; spring; time inferred
2022-06-22,2022-06-21 20:51:00+00:00,-5.56,120.41,2.0,172,18.080653082162435,"Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Bulukumba South Sulawesi",Pristine Sulawesi coast; SH winter; SOOF confirmed 18°; time inferred
2022-09-23,2022-09-22 20:38:00+00:00,-5.56,120.41,2.0,265,18.15996865389921,"Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Bulukumba South Sulawesi",Pristine Sulawesi; actual obs dates Sep 22-25 Oct 2-3 2022; time inferred
@ -190,6 +202,9 @@ date,utc_dt,lat,lng,elevation_m,day_of_year,fajr_angle,source,notes
2015-06-22,2015-06-21 20:08:00+00:00,-0.86,134.08,10.0,172,13.513657338917165,"Saksono T. et al., ISRN/UHAMKA 'Premature Dawn' series, Manokwari West Papua",Urban LP; D0=-13.4° Indonesia mean; summer solstice; time inferred
2015-09-23,2015-09-22 20:02:00+00:00,-0.86,134.08,10.0,265,13.600101066826493,"Saksono T. et al., ISRN/UHAMKA 'Premature Dawn' series, Manokwari West Papua",Urban LP; D0=-13.4° Indonesia mean; autumn equinox; time inferred
2015-12-22,2015-12-21 20:01:00+00:00,-0.86,134.08,10.0,355,13.562573446205505,"Saksono T. et al., ISRN/UHAMKA 'Premature Dawn' series, Manokwari West Papua",Urban LP; D0=-13.4° Indonesia mean; winter solstice; time inferred
2018-03-21,2018-03-20 20:30:00+00:00,-0.691,127.39,5.0,79,16.954882520140718,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Ternate North Maluku Indonesia",DSLR; D0=16.95° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-03-22,2018-03-21 20:25:00+00:00,-0.691,127.39,5.0,80,18.135313378542754,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Ternate North Maluku Indonesia",DSLR; D0=18.14° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-03-23,2018-03-22 20:29:00+00:00,-0.691,127.39,5.0,81,17.064206527995943,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Ternate North Maluku Indonesia",DSLR; D0=17.06° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2015-03-21,2015-03-20 22:31:00+00:00,-0.47,100.6,891.0,79,13.50712597052334,"Saksono T. et al., ISRN/UHAMKA 'Premature Dawn' series, Batusangkar W. Sumatra",Urban LP; D0=-13.4° Indonesia mean; 891m highland; spring equinox; time inferred
2015-06-22,2015-06-21 22:21:00+00:00,-0.47,100.6,891.0,172,13.569960295792873,"Saksono T. et al., ISRN/UHAMKA 'Premature Dawn' series, Batusangkar W. Sumatra",Urban LP; D0=-13.4° Indonesia mean; 891m highland; summer solstice; time inferred
2015-09-23,2015-09-22 22:16:00+00:00,-0.47,100.6,891.0,265,13.571316942116766,"Saksono T. et al., ISRN/UHAMKA 'Premature Dawn' series, Batusangkar W. Sumatra",Urban LP; D0=-13.4° Indonesia mean; 891m highland; autumn equinox; time inferred
@ -210,18 +225,28 @@ date,utc_dt,lat,lng,elevation_m,day_of_year,fajr_angle,source,notes
2020-06-22,2020-06-21 20:27:00+00:00,1.49,124.85,50.0,173,16.66300633879127,"Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Manado North Sulawesi Indonesia",Manado; summer solstice; time inferred
2020-09-23,2020-09-22 20:26:00+00:00,1.49,124.85,50.0,266,16.755400015241324,"Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Manado North Sulawesi Indonesia",Manado; autumn equinox; time inferred
2020-12-22,2020-12-21 20:29:00+00:00,1.49,124.85,50.0,356,16.6476930546721,"Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Manado North Sulawesi Indonesia",Manado; winter solstice; time inferred
2018-09-18,2018-09-17 21:40:00+00:00,1.731,103.904,5.0,260,19.60225871979578,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kota Tinggi Johor Malaysia",DSLR; D0=19.60° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-09-19,2018-09-18 21:40:00+00:00,1.731,103.904,5.0,261,19.529822856100505,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kota Tinggi Johor Malaysia",DSLR; D0=19.53° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-09-20,2018-09-19 21:39:00+00:00,1.731,103.904,5.0,262,19.70630640651717,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kota Tinggi Johor Malaysia",DSLR; D0=19.71° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-03-21,2018-03-20 22:07:00+00:00,1.8,104.4,3.0,79,15.679220041688483,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia",Rural 19.78 mpsas; LP-affected angle 15.67°; spring; time inferred
2018-06-22,2018-06-21 21:52:00+00:00,1.8,104.4,3.0,172,15.782748634032952,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia",Rural Johor; summer; 1.8°N; time inferred
2018-09-23,2018-09-22 21:52:00+00:00,1.8,104.4,3.0,265,15.736863423188806,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia",Rural Johor; autumn equinox; time inferred
2018-12-22,2018-12-21 21:55:00+00:00,1.8,104.4,3.0,355,15.763888774187254,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia",Rural Johor; winter solstice; time inferred
2018-06-22,2018-06-21 21:37:00+00:00,2.432,103.827,5.0,172,19.41227188539,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Mersing Johor Malaysia",DSLR; D0=19.41° computed; dry season clear sky; South China Sea horizon; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-06-23,2018-06-22 21:38:00+00:00,2.432,103.827,5.0,173,19.237576136988583,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Mersing Johor Malaysia",DSLR; D0=19.24° computed; dry season clear sky; South China Sea horizon; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-06-24,2018-06-23 21:38:00+00:00,2.432,103.827,5.0,174,19.288616433108796,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Mersing Johor Malaysia",DSLR; D0=19.29° computed; dry season clear sky; South China Sea horizon; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2008-01-16,2008-01-15 22:24:00+00:00,2.46,101.867,15.0,15,14.394345345593194,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM",SQM; winter; mean 14.19°; time inferred
2008-04-16,2008-04-15 22:12:00+00:00,2.46,101.867,15.0,106,14.395231562638005,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM",SQM; spring; mean 14.19°; time inferred
2007-05-16,2007-05-15 22:05:00+00:00,2.46,101.867,15.0,135,14.2440273961132,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM",SQM; mean 14.19°; LOWER than typical Malaysian values (16-17°) — different threshold; time inferred
2007-09-23,2007-09-22 22:08:00+00:00,2.46,101.867,15.0,265,14.285295399078418,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM",SQM; autumn equinox; mean 14.19°; time inferred
2018-07-16,2018-07-15 21:43:00+00:00,2.807,103.491,5.0,196,19.5399144605992,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuala Rompin Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; D0=19.54° computed; dry season clear sky; South China Sea horizon; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-07-17,2018-07-16 21:44:00+00:00,2.807,103.491,5.0,197,19.36480036311112,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuala Rompin Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; D0=19.36° computed; dry season clear sky; South China Sea horizon; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2017-03-20,2017-03-19 22:00:00+00:00,3.14,101.69,40.0,78,20.184283044634665,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysia 47(11), Kuala Lumpur",Spring equinox; near equator
2017-06-21,2017-06-20 21:57:00+00:00,3.14,101.69,40.0,171,16.488023722444712,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysia 47(11), Kuala Lumpur",DSLR + SQM confirmed; mean depression ~16.67° across 64 days
2017-09-22,2017-09-21 22:00:00+00:00,3.14,101.69,40.0,264,16.477962853797283,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysia 47(11), Kuala Lumpur",Autumn equinox; near equator
2017-12-21,2017-12-20 22:02:00+00:00,3.14,101.69,40.0,354,17.09878948331101,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysia 47(11), Kuala Lumpur",DSLR + SQM winter observation; near equator
2018-08-14,2018-08-13 21:47:00+00:00,3.31,103.453,5.0,225,19.38879823275996,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Nenasi Pekan Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; D0=19.39° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-08-15,2018-08-14 21:47:00+00:00,3.31,103.453,5.0,226,19.39121270463156,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Nenasi Pekan Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; D0=19.39° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2017-06-01,2017-05-31 21:48:00+00:00,3.408,103.356,10.0,151,16.2798224810698,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; individual obs; Do=-17.36°; 82% cloud cover; coastal east horizon
2017-06-03,2017-06-02 21:42:00+00:00,3.408,103.356,10.0,153,17.665112910795322,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; individual obs; Do=-17.32°; 71% intermittent cloud
2017-06-04,2017-06-03 21:40:00+00:00,3.408,103.356,10.0,154,18.13174801979601,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; individual obs; Do=-18.00°; 81% cloud; dawn seen between clouds
@ -252,10 +277,23 @@ date,utc_dt,lat,lng,elevation_m,day_of_year,fajr_angle,source,notes
2018-06-22,2018-06-21 21:43:00+00:00,5.4,102.917,5.0,172,17.569640526576887,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Balai Cerap UniSZA Terengganu",UniSZA observatory; summer solstice; time inferred
2018-09-23,2018-09-22 21:50:00+00:00,5.4,102.917,5.0,265,17.642289833683726,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Balai Cerap UniSZA Terengganu",UniSZA observatory; autumn equinox; time inferred
2018-12-22,2018-12-21 21:59:00+00:00,5.4,102.917,5.0,355,17.635980446437927,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Balai Cerap UniSZA Terengganu",UniSZA observatory; winter solstice; time inferred
2017-12-20,2017-12-19 22:33:00+00:00,5.876,95.34,5.0,353,16.77957717735588,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",DSLR; D0=16.78° computed; Dec 20 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2017-12-21,2017-12-20 22:37:00+00:00,5.876,95.34,5.0,354,15.976364006435302,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",DSLR; D0=15.98° computed; Dec 21 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2017-12-22,2017-12-21 22:31:00+00:00,5.876,95.34,5.0,355,17.466253660657696,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",DSLR; D0=17.47° computed; Dec 22 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2017-12-23,2017-12-22 22:36:00+00:00,5.876,95.34,5.0,356,16.434292331791514,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",DSLR; D0=16.43° computed; Dec 23 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2017-12-24,2017-12-23 22:33:00+00:00,5.876,95.34,5.0,357,17.23661245547811,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",DSLR; D0=17.24° computed; Dec 24 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2017-12-25,2017-12-24 22:33:00+00:00,5.876,95.34,5.0,358,17.35101641652853,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",DSLR; D0=17.35° computed; Dec 25 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2017-12-26,2017-12-25 22:32:00+00:00,5.876,95.34,5.0,359,17.694609082726025,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",DSLR; D0=17.70° computed; Dec 26 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2017-12-27,2017-12-26 22:34:00+00:00,5.876,95.34,5.0,360,17.34970502020789,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",DSLR; D0=17.35° computed; Dec 27 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2017-12-28,2017-12-27 22:31:00+00:00,5.876,95.34,5.0,361,18.151651191037427,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",DSLR; D0=18.15° computed; Dec 28 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2017-12-29,2017-12-28 22:32:00+00:00,5.876,95.34,5.0,362,18.03519646568871,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",DSLR; D0=18.04° computed; Dec 29 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2017-12-30,2017-12-29 22:31:00+00:00,5.876,95.34,5.0,363,18.3773086883836,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",DSLR; D0=18.38° computed; Dec 30 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-03-21,2018-03-20 22:08:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,79,17.568166913263454,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine dark sky 21.30 mpsas; twilight stability -17.49°; time inferred
2018-06-22,2018-06-21 21:44:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,172,17.61402480335092,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine dark sky; summer solstice; time inferred
2018-09-23,2018-09-22 21:53:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,265,17.6280830402101,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine dark sky; autumn equinox; time inferred
2018-12-22,2018-12-21 22:04:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,355,17.54809981748196,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine dark sky; winter solstice; time inferred
2018-01-20,2018-01-19 22:23:00+00:00,6.934,101.319,5.0,19,17.033919761668812,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Yaring Pattani Thailand",DSLR; D0=17.03° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-01-21,2018-01-20 22:23:00+00:00,6.934,101.319,5.0,20,17.09786228513118,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Yaring Pattani Thailand",DSLR; D0=17.10° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
2018-03-21,2018-03-20 21:10:00+00:00,7.2,116.5,5.0,79,17.68723930861158,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Simpang Mengayau Sabah",Pristine 21.64 mpsas; northernmost Borneo; spring; time inferred
2018-06-22,2018-06-21 20:45:00+00:00,7.2,116.5,5.0,172,17.561065224073936,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Simpang Mengayau Sabah",Pristine Borneo; summer; 7.2°N; time inferred
2018-09-23,2018-09-22 20:56:00+00:00,7.2,116.5,5.0,265,17.496116955256284,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Simpang Mengayau Sabah",Pristine Borneo; autumn equinox; time inferred

1 date utc_dt lat lng elevation_m day_of_year fajr_angle source notes
132 2020-09-23 2020-09-22 21:14:00+00:00 -7.645 112.908 4.0 266 16.52718290450369 LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pasuruan East Java Indonesia Pasuruan LAPAN; SH spring; time inferred
133 2020-12-22 2020-12-21 20:59:00+00:00 -7.645 112.908 4.0 356 16.69329481266569 LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pasuruan East Java Indonesia Pasuruan LAPAN; SH summer; time inferred
134 2011-06-21 2011-06-20 21:33:00+00:00 -7.55 112.23 44.0 171 16.64428137518168 Bandung/Jombang study 2012, AIP Conf. Proc. 1454 SQM observation; Jombang lowland site
135 2018-02-24 2018-02-23 21:36:00+00:00 -7.255 112.803 5.0 54 14.896816749621646 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sumenep Madura Indonesia DSLR; D0=14.90° computed; partial cloud possible; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
136 2018-02-25 2018-02-24 21:31:00+00:00 -7.255 112.803 5.0 55 16.139979480455665 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sumenep Madura Indonesia DSLR; D0=16.14° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
137 2018-02-26 2018-02-25 21:22:00+00:00 -7.255 112.803 5.0 56 18.353765026314566 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sumenep Madura Indonesia DSLR; D0=18.35° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
138 2018-02-21 2018-02-20 21:20:00+00:00 -7.244 112.802 5.0 51 18.653822066742396 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Surabaya East Java Indonesia DSLR; D0=18.65° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
139 2018-02-22 2018-02-21 21:21:00+00:00 -7.244 112.802 5.0 52 18.45625542990519 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Surabaya East Java Indonesia DSLR; D0=18.46° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
140 2018-02-23 2018-02-22 21:21:00+00:00 -7.244 112.802 5.0 53 18.49648012147469 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Surabaya East Java Indonesia DSLR; D0=18.50° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
141 2020-03-21 2020-03-20 21:49:00+00:00 -7.212 107.904 717.0 80 16.55517984991157 LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Garut West Java Indonesia LAPAN best-sky station 20.6 mpsas; highland 717m; 7.2°S; time inferred
142 2020-06-22 2020-06-21 21:50:00+00:00 -7.212 107.904 717.0 173 16.679702736217365 LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Garut West Java Indonesia Garut LAPAN; Southern Hemisphere winter solstice; time inferred
143 2020-09-23 2020-09-22 21:34:00+00:00 -7.212 107.904 717.0 266 16.54698533045485 LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Garut West Java Indonesia Garut LAPAN; SH spring equinox; time inferred
170 2015-06-01 2015-05-31 21:37:00+00:00 -6.4 106.83 65.0 151 19.376604637544194 Saksono 2020, NRIAG J. 9(1):238-244, Depok Indonesia SQM confirmed; near equator observation
171 2015-06-21 2015-06-20 21:38:00+00:00 -6.4 106.83 65.0 171 20.013330239898416 Saksono 2020, NRIAG J. 9(1):238-244, Depok Indonesia SQM sky brightness confirmed Fajr; southern hemisphere
172 2015-07-15 2015-07-14 21:40:00+00:00 -6.4 106.83 65.0 195 20.58680999808561 Saksono 2020, NRIAG J. 9(1):238-244, Depok Indonesia SQM confirmed; winter in southern hemisphere
173 2018-03-24 2018-03-23 20:52:00+00:00 -5.61 120.467 5.0 82 18.18851884462986 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia DSLR; D0=18.19° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
174 2018-03-25 2018-03-24 20:58:00+00:00 -5.61 120.467 5.0 83 16.657830762947693 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia DSLR; D0=16.66° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
175 2018-03-26 2018-03-25 20:51:00+00:00 -5.61 120.467 5.0 84 18.360695960774837 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia DSLR; D0=18.36° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
176 2018-03-27 2018-03-26 20:48:00+00:00 -5.61 120.467 5.0 85 19.06710656813611 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia DSLR; D0=19.07° computed; cloud on horizon per paper; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
177 2018-03-28 2018-03-27 20:54:00+00:00 -5.61 120.467 5.0 86 17.53332611830722 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia DSLR; D0=17.53° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
178 2018-03-29 2018-03-28 20:51:00+00:00 -5.61 120.467 5.0 87 18.237730357599805 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia DSLR; D0=18.24° computed; cloud on horizon per paper; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
179 2022-03-21 2022-03-20 20:53:00+00:00 -5.56 120.41 2.0 79 18.10047087603923 Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Bulukumba South Sulawesi Pristine 21.6-22 mpsas; SOOF+SQM comparison; spring; time inferred
180 2022-06-22 2022-06-21 20:51:00+00:00 -5.56 120.41 2.0 172 18.080653082162435 Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Bulukumba South Sulawesi Pristine Sulawesi coast; SH winter; SOOF confirmed 18°; time inferred
181 2022-09-23 2022-09-22 20:38:00+00:00 -5.56 120.41 2.0 265 18.15996865389921 Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Bulukumba South Sulawesi Pristine Sulawesi; actual obs dates Sep 22-25 Oct 2-3 2022; time inferred
202 2015-06-22 2015-06-21 20:08:00+00:00 -0.86 134.08 10.0 172 13.513657338917165 Saksono T. et al., ISRN/UHAMKA 'Premature Dawn' series, Manokwari West Papua Urban LP; D0=-13.4° Indonesia mean; summer solstice; time inferred
203 2015-09-23 2015-09-22 20:02:00+00:00 -0.86 134.08 10.0 265 13.600101066826493 Saksono T. et al., ISRN/UHAMKA 'Premature Dawn' series, Manokwari West Papua Urban LP; D0=-13.4° Indonesia mean; autumn equinox; time inferred
204 2015-12-22 2015-12-21 20:01:00+00:00 -0.86 134.08 10.0 355 13.562573446205505 Saksono T. et al., ISRN/UHAMKA 'Premature Dawn' series, Manokwari West Papua Urban LP; D0=-13.4° Indonesia mean; winter solstice; time inferred
205 2018-03-21 2018-03-20 20:30:00+00:00 -0.691 127.39 5.0 79 16.954882520140718 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Ternate North Maluku Indonesia DSLR; D0=16.95° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
206 2018-03-22 2018-03-21 20:25:00+00:00 -0.691 127.39 5.0 80 18.135313378542754 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Ternate North Maluku Indonesia DSLR; D0=18.14° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
207 2018-03-23 2018-03-22 20:29:00+00:00 -0.691 127.39 5.0 81 17.064206527995943 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Ternate North Maluku Indonesia DSLR; D0=17.06° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
208 2015-03-21 2015-03-20 22:31:00+00:00 -0.47 100.6 891.0 79 13.50712597052334 Saksono T. et al., ISRN/UHAMKA 'Premature Dawn' series, Batusangkar W. Sumatra Urban LP; D0=-13.4° Indonesia mean; 891m highland; spring equinox; time inferred
209 2015-06-22 2015-06-21 22:21:00+00:00 -0.47 100.6 891.0 172 13.569960295792873 Saksono T. et al., ISRN/UHAMKA 'Premature Dawn' series, Batusangkar W. Sumatra Urban LP; D0=-13.4° Indonesia mean; 891m highland; summer solstice; time inferred
210 2015-09-23 2015-09-22 22:16:00+00:00 -0.47 100.6 891.0 265 13.571316942116766 Saksono T. et al., ISRN/UHAMKA 'Premature Dawn' series, Batusangkar W. Sumatra Urban LP; D0=-13.4° Indonesia mean; 891m highland; autumn equinox; time inferred
225 2020-06-22 2020-06-21 20:27:00+00:00 1.49 124.85 50.0 173 16.66300633879127 Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Manado North Sulawesi Indonesia Manado; summer solstice; time inferred
226 2020-09-23 2020-09-22 20:26:00+00:00 1.49 124.85 50.0 266 16.755400015241324 Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Manado North Sulawesi Indonesia Manado; autumn equinox; time inferred
227 2020-12-22 2020-12-21 20:29:00+00:00 1.49 124.85 50.0 356 16.6476930546721 Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Manado North Sulawesi Indonesia Manado; winter solstice; time inferred
228 2018-09-18 2018-09-17 21:40:00+00:00 1.731 103.904 5.0 260 19.60225871979578 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kota Tinggi Johor Malaysia DSLR; D0=19.60° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
229 2018-09-19 2018-09-18 21:40:00+00:00 1.731 103.904 5.0 261 19.529822856100505 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kota Tinggi Johor Malaysia DSLR; D0=19.53° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
230 2018-09-20 2018-09-19 21:39:00+00:00 1.731 103.904 5.0 262 19.70630640651717 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kota Tinggi Johor Malaysia DSLR; D0=19.71° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
231 2018-03-21 2018-03-20 22:07:00+00:00 1.8 104.4 3.0 79 15.679220041688483 LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia Rural 19.78 mpsas; LP-affected angle 15.67°; spring; time inferred
232 2018-06-22 2018-06-21 21:52:00+00:00 1.8 104.4 3.0 172 15.782748634032952 LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia Rural Johor; summer; 1.8°N; time inferred
233 2018-09-23 2018-09-22 21:52:00+00:00 1.8 104.4 3.0 265 15.736863423188806 LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia Rural Johor; autumn equinox; time inferred
234 2018-12-22 2018-12-21 21:55:00+00:00 1.8 104.4 3.0 355 15.763888774187254 LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia Rural Johor; winter solstice; time inferred
235 2018-06-22 2018-06-21 21:37:00+00:00 2.432 103.827 5.0 172 19.41227188539 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Mersing Johor Malaysia DSLR; D0=19.41° computed; dry season clear sky; South China Sea horizon; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
236 2018-06-23 2018-06-22 21:38:00+00:00 2.432 103.827 5.0 173 19.237576136988583 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Mersing Johor Malaysia DSLR; D0=19.24° computed; dry season clear sky; South China Sea horizon; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
237 2018-06-24 2018-06-23 21:38:00+00:00 2.432 103.827 5.0 174 19.288616433108796 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Mersing Johor Malaysia DSLR; D0=19.29° computed; dry season clear sky; South China Sea horizon; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
238 2008-01-16 2008-01-15 22:24:00+00:00 2.46 101.867 15.0 15 14.394345345593194 Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM SQM; winter; mean 14.19°; time inferred
239 2008-04-16 2008-04-15 22:12:00+00:00 2.46 101.867 15.0 106 14.395231562638005 Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM SQM; spring; mean 14.19°; time inferred
240 2007-05-16 2007-05-15 22:05:00+00:00 2.46 101.867 15.0 135 14.2440273961132 Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM SQM; mean 14.19°; LOWER than typical Malaysian values (16-17°) — different threshold; time inferred
241 2007-09-23 2007-09-22 22:08:00+00:00 2.46 101.867 15.0 265 14.285295399078418 Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM SQM; autumn equinox; mean 14.19°; time inferred
242 2018-07-16 2018-07-15 21:43:00+00:00 2.807 103.491 5.0 196 19.5399144605992 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuala Rompin Pahang Malaysia DSLR; D0=19.54° computed; dry season clear sky; South China Sea horizon; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
243 2018-07-17 2018-07-16 21:44:00+00:00 2.807 103.491 5.0 197 19.36480036311112 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuala Rompin Pahang Malaysia DSLR; D0=19.36° computed; dry season clear sky; South China Sea horizon; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
244 2017-03-20 2017-03-19 22:00:00+00:00 3.14 101.69 40.0 78 20.184283044634665 Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysia 47(11), Kuala Lumpur Spring equinox; near equator
245 2017-06-21 2017-06-20 21:57:00+00:00 3.14 101.69 40.0 171 16.488023722444712 Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysia 47(11), Kuala Lumpur DSLR + SQM confirmed; mean depression ~16.67° across 64 days
246 2017-09-22 2017-09-21 22:00:00+00:00 3.14 101.69 40.0 264 16.477962853797283 Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysia 47(11), Kuala Lumpur Autumn equinox; near equator
247 2017-12-21 2017-12-20 22:02:00+00:00 3.14 101.69 40.0 354 17.09878948331101 Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysia 47(11), Kuala Lumpur DSLR + SQM winter observation; near equator
248 2018-08-14 2018-08-13 21:47:00+00:00 3.31 103.453 5.0 225 19.38879823275996 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Nenasi Pekan Pahang Malaysia DSLR; D0=19.39° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
249 2018-08-15 2018-08-14 21:47:00+00:00 3.31 103.453 5.0 226 19.39121270463156 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Nenasi Pekan Pahang Malaysia DSLR; D0=19.39° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
250 2017-06-01 2017-05-31 21:48:00+00:00 3.408 103.356 10.0 151 16.2798224810698 Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia DSLR; individual obs; Do=-17.36°; 82% cloud cover; coastal east horizon
251 2017-06-03 2017-06-02 21:42:00+00:00 3.408 103.356 10.0 153 17.665112910795322 Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia DSLR; individual obs; Do=-17.32°; 71% intermittent cloud
252 2017-06-04 2017-06-03 21:40:00+00:00 3.408 103.356 10.0 154 18.13174801979601 Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia DSLR; individual obs; Do=-18.00°; 81% cloud; dawn seen between clouds
277 2018-06-22 2018-06-21 21:43:00+00:00 5.4 102.917 5.0 172 17.569640526576887 LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Balai Cerap UniSZA Terengganu UniSZA observatory; summer solstice; time inferred
278 2018-09-23 2018-09-22 21:50:00+00:00 5.4 102.917 5.0 265 17.642289833683726 LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Balai Cerap UniSZA Terengganu UniSZA observatory; autumn equinox; time inferred
279 2018-12-22 2018-12-21 21:59:00+00:00 5.4 102.917 5.0 355 17.635980446437927 LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Balai Cerap UniSZA Terengganu UniSZA observatory; winter solstice; time inferred
280 2017-12-20 2017-12-19 22:33:00+00:00 5.876 95.34 5.0 353 16.77957717735588 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia DSLR; D0=16.78° computed; Dec 20 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
281 2017-12-21 2017-12-20 22:37:00+00:00 5.876 95.34 5.0 354 15.976364006435302 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia DSLR; D0=15.98° computed; Dec 21 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
282 2017-12-22 2017-12-21 22:31:00+00:00 5.876 95.34 5.0 355 17.466253660657696 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia DSLR; D0=17.47° computed; Dec 22 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
283 2017-12-23 2017-12-22 22:36:00+00:00 5.876 95.34 5.0 356 16.434292331791514 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia DSLR; D0=16.43° computed; Dec 23 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
284 2017-12-24 2017-12-23 22:33:00+00:00 5.876 95.34 5.0 357 17.23661245547811 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia DSLR; D0=17.24° computed; Dec 24 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
285 2017-12-25 2017-12-24 22:33:00+00:00 5.876 95.34 5.0 358 17.35101641652853 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia DSLR; D0=17.35° computed; Dec 25 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
286 2017-12-26 2017-12-25 22:32:00+00:00 5.876 95.34 5.0 359 17.694609082726025 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia DSLR; D0=17.70° computed; Dec 26 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
287 2017-12-27 2017-12-26 22:34:00+00:00 5.876 95.34 5.0 360 17.34970502020789 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia DSLR; D0=17.35° computed; Dec 27 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
288 2017-12-28 2017-12-27 22:31:00+00:00 5.876 95.34 5.0 361 18.151651191037427 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia DSLR; D0=18.15° computed; Dec 28 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
289 2017-12-29 2017-12-28 22:32:00+00:00 5.876 95.34 5.0 362 18.03519646568871 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia DSLR; D0=18.04° computed; Dec 29 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
290 2017-12-30 2017-12-29 22:31:00+00:00 5.876 95.34 5.0 363 18.3773086883836 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia DSLR; D0=18.38° computed; Dec 30 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
291 2018-03-21 2018-03-20 22:08:00+00:00 6.317 102.15 3.0 79 17.568166913263454 LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia Pristine dark sky 21.30 mpsas; twilight stability -17.49°; time inferred
292 2018-06-22 2018-06-21 21:44:00+00:00 6.317 102.15 3.0 172 17.61402480335092 LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia Pristine dark sky; summer solstice; time inferred
293 2018-09-23 2018-09-22 21:53:00+00:00 6.317 102.15 3.0 265 17.6280830402101 LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia Pristine dark sky; autumn equinox; time inferred
294 2018-12-22 2018-12-21 22:04:00+00:00 6.317 102.15 3.0 355 17.54809981748196 LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia Pristine dark sky; winter solstice; time inferred
295 2018-01-20 2018-01-19 22:23:00+00:00 6.934 101.319 5.0 19 17.033919761668812 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Yaring Pattani Thailand DSLR; D0=17.03° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
296 2018-01-21 2018-01-20 22:23:00+00:00 6.934 101.319 5.0 20 17.09786228513118 Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Yaring Pattani Thailand DSLR; D0=17.10° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
297 2018-03-21 2018-03-20 21:10:00+00:00 7.2 116.5 5.0 79 17.68723930861158 LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Simpang Mengayau Sabah Pristine 21.64 mpsas; northernmost Borneo; spring; time inferred
298 2018-06-22 2018-06-21 20:45:00+00:00 7.2 116.5 5.0 172 17.561065224073936 LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Simpang Mengayau Sabah Pristine Borneo; summer; 7.2°N; time inferred
299 2018-09-23 2018-09-22 20:56:00+00:00 7.2 116.5 5.0 265 17.496116955256284 LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Simpang Mengayau Sabah Pristine Borneo; autumn equinox; time inferred

View file

@ -4193,6 +4193,323 @@ VERIFIED_SIGHTINGS: list[SightingRecord] = [
"notes": "SQM; D0=-18.5° multi-site mean; 700m highland; winter solstice; time inferred",
},
# =========================================================================
# BATCH 6 — Kassim Bahali et al. 2019 JATMA per-date DSLR records
# "Re-evaluation of Calculation of the Dawn Prayer Time in the Malay World"
# Source: Bahali K. et al. (2019), JATMA 7(2):37-48
# DOI: 10.17576/jatma-2019-0702-04
# DSLR camera (Canon 60Da), 22 sites in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand.
# Feb 2017 - Sep 2018. 118 days, 112 valid (6 TD).
# Mean D0 = 17.15° (from paper's mean time difference of 11.4 min).
# Per-date times extracted from PDF Table 2 (rows 51-118), depression angles
# computed via PyEphem from actual local dawn time + site coordinates.
# =========================================================================
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
# SABANG, ACEH, INDONESIA (5.876°N, 95.340°E, 5m, UTC+7)
# Westernmost city of Indonesia. Sabang island, Weh Island, Indian Ocean.
# Excellent dark sky horizon — facing west over Indian Ocean.
# 11 individual DSLR observations Dec 20-30, 2017.
# Mean D0 computed: 17.35°
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-12-20", "time_local": "05:33",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 5.876, "lng": 95.340, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=16.78° computed; Dec 20 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-12-21", "time_local": "05:37",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 5.876, "lng": 95.340, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=15.98° computed; Dec 21 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-12-22", "time_local": "05:31",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 5.876, "lng": 95.340, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.47° computed; Dec 22 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-12-23", "time_local": "05:36",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 5.876, "lng": 95.340, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=16.43° computed; Dec 23 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-12-24", "time_local": "05:33",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 5.876, "lng": 95.340, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.24° computed; Dec 24 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-12-25", "time_local": "05:33",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 5.876, "lng": 95.340, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.35° computed; Dec 25 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-12-26", "time_local": "05:32",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 5.876, "lng": 95.340, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.70° computed; Dec 26 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-12-27", "time_local": "05:34",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 5.876, "lng": 95.340, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.35° computed; Dec 27 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-12-28", "time_local": "05:31",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 5.876, "lng": 95.340, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=18.15° computed; Dec 28 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-12-29", "time_local": "05:32",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 5.876, "lng": 95.340, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=18.04° computed; Dec 29 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-12-30", "time_local": "05:31",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 5.876, "lng": 95.340, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=18.38° computed; Dec 30 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
# YARING, PATTANI, THAILAND (6.934°N, 101.319°E, 5m, UTC+7)
# Southern Thailand (predominantly Muslim region). Coastal DSLR observation.
# Coordinates from paper: 6°56'02"N, 101°19'07"E
# 2 observations Jan 20-21, 2018.
# Mean D0 computed: 17.07°
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-01-20", "time_local": "05:23",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 6.934, "lng": 101.319, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Yaring Pattani Thailand",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.03° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-01-21", "time_local": "05:23",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 6.934, "lng": 101.319, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Yaring Pattani Thailand",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.10° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
# SURABAYA, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA (-7.244°S, 112.802°E, 5m, UTC+7)
# Second largest Indonesian city. Coastal Java Sea horizon.
# Coordinates from paper: 7°14'39"S, 112°48'08"E
# 3 observations Feb 21-23, 2018.
# Mean D0 computed: 18.54°
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-02-21", "time_local": "04:20",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": -7.244, "lng": 112.802, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Surabaya East Java Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=18.65° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-02-22", "time_local": "04:21",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": -7.244, "lng": 112.802, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Surabaya East Java Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=18.46° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-02-23", "time_local": "04:21",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": -7.244, "lng": 112.802, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Surabaya East Java Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=18.50° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
# SUMENEP, MADURA, INDONESIA (-7.255°S, 112.803°E, 5m, UTC+7)
# Western Madura coast facing Surabaya Strait.
# Coordinates from paper: 7°15'16"S, 112°48'09"E (western Madura observation point)
# 3 observations Feb 24-26, 2018.
# Mean D0 computed: 16.46° (high variance, range 14.90°-18.35°)
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-02-24", "time_local": "04:36",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": -7.255, "lng": 112.803, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sumenep Madura Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=14.90° computed; partial cloud possible; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-02-25", "time_local": "04:31",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": -7.255, "lng": 112.803, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sumenep Madura Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=16.14° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-02-26", "time_local": "04:22",
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": -7.255, "lng": 112.803, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sumenep Madura Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=18.35° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
# TERNATE, NORTH MALUKU, INDONESIA (-0.691°S, 127.390°E, 5m, UTC+9)
# Coordinates from paper: 0°41'26"S, 127°23'24"E
# (Observation site in North Maluku just south of equator)
# 3 observations Mar 21-23, 2018.
# Mean D0 computed: 17.38°
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-03-21", "time_local": "05:30",
"utc_offset": 9.0, "lat": -0.691, "lng": 127.390, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Ternate North Maluku Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=16.95° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-03-22", "time_local": "05:25",
"utc_offset": 9.0, "lat": -0.691, "lng": 127.390, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Ternate North Maluku Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=18.14° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-03-23", "time_local": "05:29",
"utc_offset": 9.0, "lat": -0.691, "lng": 127.390, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Ternate North Maluku Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.06° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
# SOUTH SULAWESI / GOWA AREA, INDONESIA (-5.610°S, 120.467°E, 5m, UTC+8)
# Coordinates from paper: 5°36'36"S, 120°28'03"E
# Rural/coastal area in Gowa Regency near Makassar.
# 6 observations Mar 24-29, 2018.
# Mean D0 computed: 18.01°
# Note: Mar 27 and 29 had cloud issues per paper text but times still recorded.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-03-24", "time_local": "04:52",
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": -5.610, "lng": 120.467, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=18.19° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-03-25", "time_local": "04:58",
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": -5.610, "lng": 120.467, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=16.66° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-03-26", "time_local": "04:51",
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": -5.610, "lng": 120.467, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=18.36° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-03-27", "time_local": "04:48",
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": -5.610, "lng": 120.467, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=19.07° computed; cloud on horizon per paper; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-03-28", "time_local": "04:54",
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": -5.610, "lng": 120.467, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.53° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-03-29", "time_local": "04:51",
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": -5.610, "lng": 120.467, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=18.24° computed; cloud on horizon per paper; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
# MERSING, JOHOR, MALAYSIA (2.432°N, 103.827°E, 5m, UTC+8)
# East coast Johor. South China Sea horizon — dry season (Jun-Sep) clear sky.
# 3 observations Jun 22-24, 2018.
# Mean D0 computed: 19.31°
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-06-22", "time_local": "05:37",
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 2.432, "lng": 103.827, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Mersing Johor Malaysia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=19.41° computed; dry season clear sky; South China Sea horizon; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-06-23", "time_local": "05:38",
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 2.432, "lng": 103.827, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Mersing Johor Malaysia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=19.24° computed; dry season clear sky; South China Sea horizon; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-06-24", "time_local": "05:38",
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 2.432, "lng": 103.827, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Mersing Johor Malaysia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=19.29° computed; dry season clear sky; South China Sea horizon; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
# KUALA ROMPIN, PAHANG, MALAYSIA (2.807°N, 103.491°E, 5m, UTC+8)
# East coast Pahang. South China Sea horizon — dry season clear sky.
# 2 observations Jul 16-17, 2018 (3 TD days skipped).
# Mean D0 computed: 19.45°
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-07-16", "time_local": "05:43",
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 2.807, "lng": 103.491, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuala Rompin Pahang Malaysia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=19.54° computed; dry season clear sky; South China Sea horizon; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-07-17", "time_local": "05:44",
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 2.807, "lng": 103.491, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuala Rompin Pahang Malaysia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=19.36° computed; dry season clear sky; South China Sea horizon; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
# NENASI, PEKAN, PAHANG, MALAYSIA (3.310°N, 103.453°E, 5m, UTC+8)
# Coastal Pahang. South China Sea horizon.
# 2 observations Aug 14-15, 2018 (1 TD skipped).
# Mean D0 computed: 19.39°
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-08-14", "time_local": "05:47",
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 3.310, "lng": 103.453, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Nenasi Pekan Pahang Malaysia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=19.39° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-08-15", "time_local": "05:47",
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 3.310, "lng": 103.453, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Nenasi Pekan Pahang Malaysia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=19.39° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
# KOTA TINGGI, JOHOR, MALAYSIA (1.731°N, 103.904°E, 5m, UTC+8)
# Inland Johor near river mouth, eastern Johor. Clear Sep 2018 dry season.
# 3 observations Sep 18-20, 2018.
# Mean D0 computed: 19.61°
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-09-18", "time_local": "05:40",
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 1.731, "lng": 103.904, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kota Tinggi Johor Malaysia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=19.60° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-09-19", "time_local": "05:40",
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 1.731, "lng": 103.904, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kota Tinggi Johor Malaysia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=19.53° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
{
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2018-09-20", "time_local": "05:39",
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 1.731, "lng": 103.904, "elevation_m": 5.0,
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kota Tinggi Johor Malaysia",
"notes": "DSLR; D0=19.71° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
},
]