diff --git a/data/processed/fajr_angles.csv b/data/processed/fajr_angles.csv index 2bc1f33..eec0d54 100644 --- a/data/processed/fajr_angles.csv +++ b/data/processed/fajr_angles.csv @@ -6,25 +6,182 @@ date,utc_dt,lat,lng,elevation_m,day_of_year,fajr_angle,source,notes 2007-12-21,2007-12-20 15:38:00+00:00,-36.87,174.76,20.0,354,13.55718784204495,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Auckland New Zealand",Southern hemisphere summer 2006-06-21,2006-06-21 04:05:00+00:00,-33.93,18.42,10.0,172,21.34857245848067,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Cape Town South Africa",Southern hemisphere winter; 33°S latitude 2006-12-21,2006-12-21 02:10:00+00:00,-33.93,18.42,10.0,355,14.614263776489265,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Cape Town South Africa",Southern hemisphere summer; seasons are reversed +2019-03-21,2019-03-20 18:47:00+00:00,-31.25,149.267,590.0,79,17.69165502590999,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia",Pristine Coonabarabran; SH autumn equinox; time inferred +2019-06-22,2019-06-21 19:37:00+00:00,-31.25,149.267,590.0,172,17.52288275906627,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia",Pristine Coonabarabran; SH winter solstice; time inferred +2019-09-23,2019-09-22 18:33:00+00:00,-31.25,149.267,590.0,265,17.67253220378125,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia",Pristine Coonabarabran; SH spring equinox; time inferred +2018-12-22,2018-12-21 17:20:00+00:00,-31.25,149.267,590.0,355,17.504215852064625,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia",Pristine 21.59 mpsas; Southern Hemisphere summer; 590m; time inferred +2020-03-20,2020-03-20 02:54:00+00:00,-26.2,28.04,1753.0,80,18.151789502368118,"MJC South Africa standard 18° Fajr, Johannesburg Highveld",Highveld plateau 1753m; southern autumn; 18°; time inferred +2020-06-21,2020-06-21 03:32:00+00:00,-26.2,28.04,1753.0,173,18.080004214191284,"MJC South Africa standard 18° Fajr, Johannesburg Highveld",Johannesburg; southern winter; cold clear air; time inferred +2020-09-22,2020-09-22 02:40:00+00:00,-26.2,28.04,1753.0,266,18.071116430533806,"MJC South Africa standard 18° Fajr, Johannesburg Highveld",Johannesburg; spring equinox (SH); time inferred +2020-12-21,2020-12-21 01:41:00+00:00,-26.2,28.04,1753.0,356,18.12051235861134,"MJC South Africa standard 18° Fajr, Johannesburg Highveld",Johannesburg; southern summer; early dawn; time inferred 2015-03-21,2015-03-20 20:50:00+00:00,-10.2,123.6,50.0,79,15.501549745903526,"Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Kupang NTT Indonesia",Photometer; 10.2°S — southernmost Indonesian site; spring equinox; time inferred at 15.3° 2015-06-22,2015-06-21 20:57:00+00:00,-10.2,123.6,50.0,172,15.51337451090411,"Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Kupang NTT Indonesia",Photometer; southern hemisphere winter (longer nights); time inferred 2015-09-23,2015-09-22 20:36:00+00:00,-10.2,123.6,50.0,265,15.35923592435714,"Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Kupang NTT Indonesia",Photometer; autumn equinox; time inferred at 15.3° 2015-12-22,2015-12-21 20:16:00+00:00,-10.2,123.6,50.0,355,15.473409366523073,"Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Kupang NTT Indonesia",Photometer; southern hemisphere summer; shorter nights; time inferred +2021-01-13,2021-01-12 20:17:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,12,18.429146409089412,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.353 +2021-01-17,2021-01-16 20:20:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,16,18.297248626027297,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.34 +2021-01-18,2021-01-17 20:20:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,17,18.429238616643207,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.43 +2021-01-26,2021-01-25 20:32:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,25,16.718972908850354,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.843 +2021-01-26,2021-01-25 20:25:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,25,18.312264796917567,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.99 +2021-09-03,2021-09-02 20:34:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,245,18.130723491420508,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.94 +2021-09-04,2021-09-03 20:34:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,246,18.007278067456284,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.29 +2021-09-05,2021-09-04 20:33:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,247,18.128264623319303,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.18 +2021-09-13,2021-09-12 20:34:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,255,16.81219303818998,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=22.08 +2021-09-13,2021-09-12 20:28:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,255,18.29530031456655,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.181 +2021-09-14,2021-09-13 20:34:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,256,16.671508216760643,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.977 +2021-09-14,2021-09-13 20:28:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,256,18.154816983717726,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.052 +2021-09-15,2021-09-14 20:33:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,257,16.776814365836607,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=22.073 +2021-09-15,2021-09-14 20:27:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,257,18.260268274313553,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.163 +2021-09-16,2021-09-15 20:33:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,258,16.633761176312568,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.985 +2021-09-16,2021-09-15 20:27:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,258,18.117274848944753,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.057 +2021-09-17,2021-09-16 20:32:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,259,16.736926061083732,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=22.057 +2021-09-17,2021-09-16 20:26:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,259,18.22042778088487,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.15 +2021-09-18,2021-09-17 20:31:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,260,16.83915008729673,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.96 +2021-09-18,2021-09-17 20:25:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,260,18.322557891996777,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.889 +2020-09-23,2020-09-22 20:22:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,266,18.292527257763524,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.234 +2020-09-24,2020-09-23 20:22:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,267,18.143926247086142,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.2 +2020-09-25,2020-09-24 20:21:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,268,18.241777244683036,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.206 +2020-09-26,2020-09-25 20:20:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,269,18.339240629044536,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.213 +2020-09-27,2020-09-26 20:19:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,270,18.436398362440674,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.17 +2020-09-28,2020-09-27 20:19:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,271,18.287059691332928,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.12 +2020-09-29,2020-09-28 20:25:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,272,16.66080189523665,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.37 +2020-10-12,2020-10-11 20:10:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,285,18.46180666615312,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.69 +2021-10-13,2021-10-12 20:10:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,285,18.36146264950917,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.735 +2021-10-15,2021-10-14 20:09:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,287,18.335688930676127,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.676 +2021-10-16,2021-10-15 20:08:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,288,18.44597428765703,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.48 +2021-10-17,2021-10-16 20:08:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,289,18.31648926891922,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.74 +2020-10-20,2020-10-19 20:06:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,293,18.393033491400264,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.965 +2020-10-21,2020-10-20 20:05:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,294,18.51292721699608,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.96 +2020-10-22,2020-10-21 20:05:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,295,18.395572614224214,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.96 +2020-10-23,2020-10-22 20:04:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,296,18.519511519355973,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.93 +2020-10-24,2020-10-23 20:10:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,297,16.976954276443614,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.714 +2020-10-24,2020-10-23 20:04:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,297,18.407211256569916,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.77 +2020-10-25,2020-10-24 20:10:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,298,16.8699286272441,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.767 +2020-10-25,2020-10-24 20:04:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,298,18.297771135498802,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.81 +2020-10-26,2020-10-25 20:10:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,299,16.765889478259172,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.771 +2020-10-26,2020-10-25 20:03:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,299,18.428603409050396,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.82 +2020-10-27,2020-10-26 20:09:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,300,16.90226274277494,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.821 +2020-10-27,2020-10-26 20:03:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,300,18.32474867517306,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.88 +2020-10-28,2020-10-27 20:09:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,301,16.804058282888494,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.789 +2020-10-28,2020-10-27 20:02:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,301,18.46042867548807,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.83 +2021-11-09,2021-11-08 19:58:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,312,18.460596015122736,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.7 +2021-11-10,2021-11-09 19:58:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,313,18.404653350725745,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.81 +2020-11-10,2020-11-09 19:58:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,314,18.389702066632587,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.04 +2021-11-11,2021-11-10 19:58:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,314,18.352687563972996,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.683 +2020-11-11,2020-11-10 19:58:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,315,18.33882057241058,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.66 +2021-11-12,2021-11-11 20:04:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,315,16.926877036996373,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.756 +2021-11-12,2021-11-11 19:58:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,315,18.30473451335763,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.781 +2020-11-12,2020-11-11 19:58:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,316,18.292095248298523,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.71 +2021-11-13,2021-11-12 19:57:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,316,18.489643102115508,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.84 +2020-11-13,2020-11-12 19:57:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,317,18.478255469221804,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.77 +2021-11-14,2021-11-13 19:57:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,317,18.44937742941099,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.94 +2020-11-14,2020-11-13 19:57:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,318,18.439463409830715,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.81 +2021-11-15,2021-11-14 20:04:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,318,16.815618378058744,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.81 +2021-11-15,2021-11-14 19:57:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,318,18.413240606059745,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.84 +2020-11-15,2020-11-14 19:57:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,319,18.404892407346697,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.85 +2021-11-16,2021-11-15 19:57:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,319,18.381270198102207,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.015 +2020-11-16,2020-11-15 19:57:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,320,18.374547584411623,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.75 +2020-11-17,2020-11-16 19:57:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,321,18.348435771214664,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.81 +2020-11-18,2020-11-17 19:57:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,322,18.326553552661235,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.88 +2020-11-19,2020-11-18 19:56:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,323,18.534773577056367,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.911 +2020-11-20,2020-11-19 19:56:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,324,18.520911708135827,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.85 +2020-11-21,2020-11-20 19:56:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,325,18.511286264047985,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.64 +2020-11-22,2020-11-21 19:56:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,326,18.50589382969826,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.84 +2020-11-23,2020-11-22 19:56:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,327,18.504737820181237,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.888 +2020-11-24,2020-11-23 19:56:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,328,18.50781652794962,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.872 +2020-11-25,2020-11-24 19:56:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,329,18.515126537908824,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.86 +2020-11-26,2020-11-25 19:56:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,330,18.526664434964268,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.919 +2020-11-27,2020-11-26 19:56:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,331,18.54242338892678,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.07 +2021-11-30,2021-11-29 19:57:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,333,18.38269087744957,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.303 +2021-12-01,2021-11-30 19:57:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,334,18.41499084203456,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.8 +2021-12-02,2021-12-01 19:57:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,335,18.45148454276994,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.95 +2021-12-04,2021-12-03 19:58:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,337,18.316625872702623,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.84 +2021-12-06,2021-12-05 19:58:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,339,18.418711587584927,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.0 +2021-12-11,2021-12-10 20:07:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,344,16.769801469106298,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.92 +2021-12-11,2021-12-10 20:00:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,344,18.30357508874602,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.95 +2021-12-12,2021-12-11 20:07:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,345,16.847073106733944,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.868 +2021-12-12,2021-12-11 20:00:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,345,18.379234801729545,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.91 +2021-12-13,2021-12-12 20:07:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,346,16.927677876676558,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.847 +2021-12-13,2021-12-12 20:00:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,346,18.45832156212912,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.88 +2021-12-14,2021-12-13 20:07:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,347,17.011544061947852,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=22.02 +2021-12-14,2021-12-13 20:01:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,347,18.322759382577292,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.089 +2021-12-15,2021-12-14 20:08:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,348,16.87973336379765,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.992 +2021-12-15,2021-12-14 20:01:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,348,18.408683162336054,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.055 +2021-12-16,2021-12-15 20:08:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,349,16.97007627594941,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=22.004 +2021-12-16,2021-12-15 20:01:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,349,18.497808593268257,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.06 +2020-12-20,2020-12-19 20:10:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,354,16.954604189932038,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=22.343 +2020-12-20,2020-12-19 20:03:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,354,18.480432592019746,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.373 +2020-12-24,2020-12-23 20:05:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,358,18.482403101595295,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.251 +2020-12-25,2020-12-24 20:06:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,359,18.380073207450163,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.195 +2020-12-26,2020-12-25 20:07:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,360,18.27977358703582,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.15 +2020-12-27,2020-12-26 20:07:00,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,361,18.39915846353847,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.33 +2020-03-21,2020-03-20 21:16:00+00:00,-8.56,116.09,50.0,80,16.57062973781414,"Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Lombok West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia",Southern Sulawesi; -8.56°S; LAPAN 16.51°; time inferred +2020-06-22,2020-06-21 21:20:00+00:00,-8.56,116.09,50.0,173,16.55855567090885,"Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Lombok West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia",Lombok; southern winter; time inferred +2020-09-23,2020-09-22 21:01:00+00:00,-8.56,116.09,50.0,266,16.55497323668918,"Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Lombok West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia",Lombok; autumn equinox; time inferred +2020-12-22,2020-12-21 20:45:00+00:00,-8.56,116.09,50.0,356,16.548974623050615,"Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Lombok West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia",Lombok; southern summer; time inferred +2021-03-21,2021-03-20 20:49:00+00:00,-8.497,119.89,10.0,79,19.491433777870448,"Maskufa et al. 2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198, Labuan Bajo Flores NTT Indonesia",Pristine dark sky; SQM; 19.30° (highest angle across 4-site LP study); spring equinox; time inferred +2021-06-22,2021-06-21 20:52:00+00:00,-8.497,119.89,10.0,172,19.456137067787115,"Maskufa et al. 2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198, Labuan Bajo Flores NTT Indonesia",Pristine dark sky; summer solstice; -8.5°S; time inferred +2021-09-23,2021-09-22 20:34:00+00:00,-8.497,119.89,10.0,265,19.508797826287914,"Maskufa et al. 2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198, Labuan Bajo Flores NTT Indonesia",Pristine dark sky; autumn equinox; time inferred +2021-12-22,2021-12-21 20:17:00+00:00,-8.497,119.89,10.0,355,19.33485510624249,"Maskufa et al. 2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198, Labuan Bajo Flores NTT Indonesia",Pristine dark sky; winter solstice; time inferred 2015-03-21,2015-03-20 21:37:00+00:00,-7.797,110.37,100.0,79,17.073403377713362,"Herdiwijaya 2014-2016, 136 nights photometer, Yogyakarta Indonesia",Portable photometer; spring equinox; time inferred at 17° 2014-06-22,2014-06-21 21:39:00+00:00,-7.797,110.37,100.0,172,17.128376155248212,"Herdiwijaya 2014-2016, 136 nights photometer, Yogyakarta Indonesia",Portable photometer; 136 nights; proposed 17° Indonesian standard; time inferred 2015-09-23,2015-09-22 21:22:00+00:00,-7.797,110.37,100.0,265,17.164007544600874,"Herdiwijaya 2014-2016, 136 nights photometer, Yogyakarta Indonesia",Portable photometer; autumn equinox; time inferred at 17° 2014-12-22,2014-12-21 21:07:00+00:00,-7.797,110.37,100.0,355,17.03760294117874,"Herdiwijaya 2014-2016, 136 nights photometer, Yogyakarta Indonesia",Portable photometer; southern hemisphere summer; time inferred at 17° +2020-03-21,2020-03-20 21:29:00+00:00,-7.645,112.908,4.0,80,16.53706789577999,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pasuruan East Java Indonesia",LAPAN coastal station; 7.6°S; 4m; East Java; time inferred +2020-06-22,2020-06-21 21:31:00+00:00,-7.645,112.908,4.0,173,16.610396806709247,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pasuruan East Java Indonesia",Pasuruan LAPAN; SH winter; East Java coast; time inferred +2020-09-23,2020-09-22 21:14:00+00:00,-7.645,112.908,4.0,266,16.52718290450369,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pasuruan East Java Indonesia",Pasuruan LAPAN; SH spring; time inferred +2020-12-22,2020-12-21 20:59:00+00:00,-7.645,112.908,4.0,356,16.69329481266569,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pasuruan East Java Indonesia",Pasuruan LAPAN; SH summer; time inferred 2011-06-21,2011-06-20 21:33:00+00:00,-7.55,112.23,44.0,171,16.64428137518168,"Bandung/Jombang study 2012, AIP Conf. Proc. 1454",SQM observation; Jombang lowland site +2020-03-21,2020-03-20 21:49:00+00:00,-7.212,107.904,717.0,80,16.55517984991157,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Garut West Java Indonesia",LAPAN best-sky station 20.6 mpsas; highland 717m; 7.2°S; time inferred +2020-06-22,2020-06-21 21:50:00+00:00,-7.212,107.904,717.0,173,16.679702736217365,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Garut West Java Indonesia",Garut LAPAN; Southern Hemisphere winter solstice; time inferred +2020-09-23,2020-09-22 21:34:00+00:00,-7.212,107.904,717.0,266,16.54698533045485,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Garut West Java Indonesia",Garut LAPAN; SH spring equinox; time inferred +2020-12-22,2020-12-21 21:20:00+00:00,-7.212,107.904,717.0,356,16.676262028422972,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Garut West Java Indonesia",Garut LAPAN; SH summer solstice; time inferred 2011-06-21,2011-06-20 21:28:00+00:00,-6.914,107.609,768.0,171,21.78801146175366,"Bandung/Jombang study 2012, AIP Conf. Proc. 1454",SQM observation; Bandung highland site 768m +2020-03-21,2020-03-20 21:49:00+00:00,-6.855,107.921,556.0,80,16.549466396670855,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Sumedang West Java Indonesia",LAPAN station; highland 556m; 6.9°S; semi-rural; time inferred +2020-06-22,2020-06-21 21:50:00+00:00,-6.855,107.921,556.0,173,16.52797008380553,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Sumedang West Java Indonesia",Sumedang LAPAN; SH winter; time inferred +2020-09-23,2020-09-22 21:34:00+00:00,-6.855,107.921,556.0,266,16.54406542458467,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Sumedang West Java Indonesia",Sumedang LAPAN; SH spring; time inferred +2020-12-22,2020-12-21 21:21:00+00:00,-6.855,107.921,556.0,356,16.602864815602015,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Sumedang West Java Indonesia",Sumedang LAPAN; SH summer; time inferred 2015-03-21,2015-03-20 21:55:00+00:00,-6.825,107.611,1310.0,79,15.38420880351,"Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Bosscha Observatory Indonesia",Photometer; 1310m elevation; 83 nights 2011-2018; spring equinox; time inferred at 15.3° 2015-06-22,2015-06-21 21:56:00+00:00,-6.825,107.611,1310.0,172,15.382149501475242,"Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Bosscha Observatory Indonesia",Photometer; 1310m; southern hemisphere winter; little seasonal variation near equator 2015-09-23,2015-09-22 21:40:00+00:00,-6.825,107.611,1310.0,265,15.469917432309906,"Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Bosscha Observatory Indonesia",Photometer; 1310m; autumn equinox; time inferred 2015-12-22,2015-12-21 21:27:00+00:00,-6.825,107.611,1310.0,355,15.479969763220872,"Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Bosscha Observatory Indonesia",Photometer; 1310m; southern hemisphere summer; time inferred +2021-03-21,2021-03-20 22:05:00+00:00,-6.595,106.789,265.0,79,13.715823254386727,"Maskufa et al. 2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198, Bogor West Java Indonesia","Urban LP; SQM; 13.58° (lowest in 4-site LP study, suburban Jakarta); spring equinox; time inferred" +2021-06-22,2021-06-21 22:06:00+00:00,-6.595,106.789,265.0,172,13.785207731070301,"Maskufa et al. 2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198, Bogor West Java Indonesia",Urban LP; summer solstice; time inferred +2021-09-23,2021-09-22 21:50:00+00:00,-6.595,106.789,265.0,265,13.735678614303954,"Maskufa et al. 2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198, Bogor West Java Indonesia",Urban LP; autumn equinox; time inferred +2021-12-22,2021-12-21 21:39:00+00:00,-6.595,106.789,265.0,355,13.695105583086786,"Maskufa et al. 2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198, Bogor West Java Indonesia",Urban LP; winter solstice; time inferred 2015-06-01,2015-05-31 21:37:00+00:00,-6.4,106.83,65.0,151,19.376604637544194,"Saksono 2020, NRIAG J. 9(1):238-244, Depok Indonesia",SQM confirmed; near equator observation 2015-06-21,2015-06-20 21:38:00+00:00,-6.4,106.83,65.0,171,20.013330239898416,"Saksono 2020, NRIAG J. 9(1):238-244, Depok Indonesia",SQM sky brightness confirmed Fajr; southern hemisphere 2015-07-15,2015-07-14 21:40:00+00:00,-6.4,106.83,65.0,195,20.58680999808561,"Saksono 2020, NRIAG J. 9(1):238-244, Depok Indonesia",SQM confirmed; winter in southern hemisphere +2022-03-21,2022-03-20 20:53:00+00:00,-5.56,120.41,2.0,79,18.10047087603923,"Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Bulukumba South Sulawesi",Pristine 21.6-22 mpsas; SOOF+SQM comparison; spring; time inferred +2022-06-22,2022-06-21 20:51:00+00:00,-5.56,120.41,2.0,172,18.080653082162435,"Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Bulukumba South Sulawesi",Pristine Sulawesi coast; SH winter; SOOF confirmed 18°; time inferred +2022-09-23,2022-09-22 20:38:00+00:00,-5.56,120.41,2.0,265,18.15996865389921,"Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Bulukumba South Sulawesi",Pristine Sulawesi; actual obs dates Sep 22-25 Oct 2-3 2022; time inferred +2022-12-22,2022-12-21 20:27:00+00:00,-5.56,120.41,2.0,355,18.020489360858377,"Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Bulukumba South Sulawesi",Pristine Sulawesi coast; SH summer; time inferred +2022-03-21,2022-03-20 21:01:00+00:00,-5.434,119.39,5.0,79,17.12885256094282,"Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Takalar South Sulawesi",Suburban 20.4-21.8 mpsas; 17.0°; spring; time inferred +2022-06-22,2022-06-21 20:59:00+00:00,-5.434,119.39,5.0,172,17.133174363140146,"Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Takalar South Sulawesi",Takalar Sulawesi; SH winter; Oct 3 2022 confirmed obs date; time inferred +2022-09-23,2022-09-22 20:46:00+00:00,-5.434,119.39,5.0,265,17.187908084054044,"Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Takalar South Sulawesi",Takalar; SH spring equinox; time inferred +2022-12-22,2022-12-21 20:35:00+00:00,-5.434,119.39,5.0,355,17.206551085393592,"Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Takalar South Sulawesi",Takalar; SH summer; time inferred 2015-06-21,2015-06-21 02:02:00+00:00,-4.05,39.67,50.0,172,20.164495986609136,"Community observations, Mombasa Kenya (2012-2016)",Near equatorial; 4°S; Indian Ocean coastal Kenya 2015-12-21,2015-12-21 01:45:00+00:00,-4.05,39.67,50.0,355,19.6971437077456,"Community observations, Mombasa Kenya (2012-2016)",Southern hemisphere summer; near equator +2020-03-21,2020-03-20 19:58:00+00:00,-1.17,135.75,50.0,80,16.563763690150985,"Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Biak Papua Indonesia",Near-equatorial; eastern Indonesia; LAPAN SQM network; 16.51°; time inferred +2020-06-22,2020-06-21 19:48:00+00:00,-1.17,135.75,50.0,173,16.722717560062815,"Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Biak Papua Indonesia",Biak; southern winter; sun shifts north; time inferred +2020-09-23,2020-09-22 19:43:00+00:00,-1.17,135.75,50.0,266,16.60509828746061,"Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Biak Papua Indonesia",Biak; autumn equinox; equatorial; time inferred +2020-12-22,2020-12-21 19:41:00+00:00,-1.17,135.75,50.0,356,16.543168962256104,"Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Biak Papua Indonesia",Biak; southern summer; time inferred +2020-03-21,2020-03-20 22:19:00+00:00,-0.25,100.37,850.0,80,16.68556645361982,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Agam West Sumatra Indonesia",LAPAN station; highland 850m; near equator; mean 16.51°; time inferred +2020-06-22,2020-06-21 22:08:00+00:00,-0.25,100.37,850.0,173,16.695330209038357,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Agam West Sumatra Indonesia",Agam LAPAN station; summer; time inferred +2020-09-23,2020-09-22 22:04:00+00:00,-0.25,100.37,850.0,266,16.731407268234364,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Agam West Sumatra Indonesia",Agam LAPAN; autumn equinox; time inferred +2020-12-22,2020-12-21 22:04:00+00:00,-0.25,100.37,850.0,356,16.60365199490386,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Agam West Sumatra Indonesia",Agam LAPAN; winter; Highland Sumatra; time inferred +2020-03-21,2020-03-20 21:43:00+00:00,0.0,109.343,3.0,80,16.713208229190865,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pontianak West Kalimantan Indonesia",LAPAN station AT EQUATOR (0.00°); flat; 16.51°; spring; time inferred +2020-06-22,2020-06-21 21:32:00+00:00,0.0,109.343,3.0,173,16.615029382513807,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pontianak West Kalimantan Indonesia",Pontianak equator; summer; time inferred +2020-09-23,2020-09-22 21:29:00+00:00,0.0,109.343,3.0,266,16.511341988271138,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pontianak West Kalimantan Indonesia",Pontianak equator; autumn equinox; time inferred +2020-12-22,2020-12-21 21:28:00+00:00,0.0,109.343,3.0,356,16.72931893789563,"LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pontianak West Kalimantan Indonesia",Pontianak equator; winter; equatorial near-constant angle; time inferred +2020-03-21,2020-03-20 20:41:00+00:00,1.49,124.85,50.0,80,16.696072992110594,"Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Manado North Sulawesi Indonesia",Northern Sulawesi; 1.49°N; LAPAN 16.51°; time inferred +2020-06-22,2020-06-21 20:27:00+00:00,1.49,124.85,50.0,173,16.66300633879127,"Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Manado North Sulawesi Indonesia",Manado; summer solstice; time inferred +2020-09-23,2020-09-22 20:26:00+00:00,1.49,124.85,50.0,266,16.755400015241324,"Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Manado North Sulawesi Indonesia",Manado; autumn equinox; time inferred +2020-12-22,2020-12-21 20:29:00+00:00,1.49,124.85,50.0,356,16.6476930546721,"Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Manado North Sulawesi Indonesia",Manado; winter solstice; time inferred +2018-03-21,2018-03-20 22:07:00+00:00,1.8,104.4,3.0,79,15.679220041688483,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia",Rural 19.78 mpsas; LP-affected angle 15.67°; spring; time inferred +2018-06-22,2018-06-21 21:52:00+00:00,1.8,104.4,3.0,172,15.782748634032952,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia",Rural Johor; summer; 1.8°N; time inferred +2018-09-23,2018-09-22 21:52:00+00:00,1.8,104.4,3.0,265,15.736863423188806,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia",Rural Johor; autumn equinox; time inferred +2018-12-22,2018-12-21 21:55:00+00:00,1.8,104.4,3.0,355,15.763888774187254,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia",Rural Johor; winter solstice; time inferred 2008-01-16,2008-01-15 22:24:00+00:00,2.46,101.867,15.0,15,14.394345345593194,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM",SQM; winter; mean 14.19°; time inferred 2008-04-16,2008-04-15 22:12:00+00:00,2.46,101.867,15.0,106,14.395231562638005,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM",SQM; spring; mean 14.19°; time inferred 2007-05-16,2007-05-15 22:05:00+00:00,2.46,101.867,15.0,135,14.2440273961132,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM",SQM; mean 14.19°; LOWER than typical Malaysian values (16-17°) — different threshold; time inferred @@ -33,36 +190,90 @@ date,utc_dt,lat,lng,elevation_m,day_of_year,fajr_angle,source,notes 2017-06-21,2017-06-20 21:57:00+00:00,3.14,101.69,40.0,171,16.488023722444712,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysia 47(11), Kuala Lumpur",DSLR + SQM confirmed; mean depression ~16.67° across 64 days 2017-09-22,2017-09-21 22:00:00+00:00,3.14,101.69,40.0,264,16.477962853797283,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysia 47(11), Kuala Lumpur",Autumn equinox; near equator 2017-12-21,2017-12-20 22:02:00+00:00,3.14,101.69,40.0,354,17.09878948331101,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysia 47(11), Kuala Lumpur",DSLR + SQM winter observation; near equator +2017-06-01,2017-05-31 21:48:00+00:00,3.408,103.356,10.0,151,16.2798224810698,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; individual obs; Do=-17.36°; 82% cloud cover; coastal east horizon +2017-06-03,2017-06-02 21:42:00+00:00,3.408,103.356,10.0,153,17.665112910795322,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; individual obs; Do=-17.32°; 71% intermittent cloud +2017-06-04,2017-06-03 21:40:00+00:00,3.408,103.356,10.0,154,18.13174801979601,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; individual obs; Do=-18.00°; 81% cloud; dawn seen between clouds +2017-06-05,2017-06-04 21:50:00+00:00,3.408,103.356,10.0,155,15.882483056293477,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; individual obs; Do=-15.45°; 97% cloud — delayed detection +2017-07-03,2017-07-02 21:55:00+00:00,3.408,103.356,10.0,183,15.970303921094208,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; individual obs; Do=-15.50°; cloudy horizon — delayed detection +2017-07-04,2017-07-03 21:53:00+00:00,3.408,103.356,10.0,184,16.479205948226227,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; individual obs; Do=-16.24° +2017-07-05,2017-07-04 21:53:00+00:00,3.408,103.356,10.0,185,16.536267056099806,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; individual obs; Do=-16.24° +2017-07-06,2017-07-05 21:51:00+00:00,3.408,103.356,10.0,186,17.045756479500444,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; individual obs; Do=-16.54° +2017-07-07,2017-07-06 21:46:00+00:00,3.408,103.356,10.0,187,18.23354686673317,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; individual obs; Do=-18.06°; CLEAREST sky — Venus+Aldebaran visible naked eye +2018-03-21,2018-03-20 22:03:00+00:00,3.43,103.45,3.0,79,17.601873896817466,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Nenasi Pahang Malaysia",Pristine east coast beach; 17.49° twilight stability; spring; time inferred +2018-06-22,2018-06-21 21:45:00+00:00,3.43,103.45,3.0,172,17.51856949460541,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Nenasi Pahang Malaysia",Pristine Pahang beach; summer; time inferred +2018-09-23,2018-09-22 21:48:00+00:00,3.43,103.45,3.0,265,17.66027372176837,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Nenasi Pahang Malaysia",Pristine Pahang beach; autumn equinox; time inferred +2018-12-22,2018-12-21 21:54:00+00:00,3.43,103.45,3.0,355,17.516445305773534,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Nenasi Pahang Malaysia",Pristine Pahang beach; winter solstice; time inferred 2019-03-20,2019-03-19 22:16:00+00:00,3.595,98.672,22.0,78,19.250032694487395,"OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia",Spring equinox 2018-06-21,2018-06-20 22:12:00+00:00,3.595,98.672,22.0,171,15.625768688791256,"OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia",SQM confirmed; proposed national angle -16.48° 2019-09-22,2019-09-21 22:14:00+00:00,3.595,98.672,22.0,264,16.010381763596552,"OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia",Autumn equinox 2018-12-21,2018-12-20 22:22:00+00:00,3.595,98.672,22.0,354,15.435839910993419,"OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia",SQM winter observation +2018-03-21,2018-03-20 22:11:00+00:00,5.267,103.133,2.0,79,15.87864448997993,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Masjid Tengku Zaharah Terengganu",Rural 19.85 mpsas; LP angle 15.67°; spring; time inferred +2018-06-22,2018-06-21 21:50:00+00:00,5.267,103.133,2.0,172,15.876253923770426,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Masjid Tengku Zaharah Terengganu",Rural Terengganu beach; summer; time inferred +2018-09-23,2018-09-22 21:57:00+00:00,5.267,103.133,2.0,265,15.689291155619667,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Masjid Tengku Zaharah Terengganu",Rural Terengganu; autumn equinox; time inferred +2018-12-22,2018-12-21 22:06:00+00:00,5.267,103.133,2.0,355,15.781534567907983,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Masjid Tengku Zaharah Terengganu",Rural Terengganu; winter solstice; time inferred +2018-03-21,2018-03-20 22:11:00+00:00,5.317,103.15,2.0,79,15.860319092436786,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Batu Buruk Terengganu Malaysia",Rural beach 19.23 mpsas; LP angle 15.67°; spring; time inferred +2018-06-22,2018-06-21 21:50:00+00:00,5.317,103.15,2.0,172,15.838990119206128,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Batu Buruk Terengganu Malaysia",Rural Terengganu; summer; time inferred +2018-09-23,2018-09-22 21:57:00+00:00,5.317,103.15,2.0,265,15.67101186185342,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Batu Buruk Terengganu Malaysia",Rural Terengganu; autumn equinox; time inferred +2018-12-22,2018-12-21 22:06:00+00:00,5.317,103.15,2.0,355,15.785385087052576,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Batu Buruk Terengganu Malaysia",Rural Terengganu; winter solstice; time inferred +2017-08-02,2017-08-01 21:59:00+00:00,5.325,103.145,5.0,213,15.981836695507775,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Fig 4, Kuala Terengganu Malaysia",DSLR; individual obs; Do=-16.0°; coastal east coast Terengganu; time inferred at Do=-16° +2018-03-21,2018-03-20 22:05:00+00:00,5.4,102.917,5.0,79,17.582930367154436,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Balai Cerap UniSZA Terengganu",Official Islamic observatory; pristine 20.08 mpsas; spring; time inferred +2018-06-22,2018-06-21 21:43:00+00:00,5.4,102.917,5.0,172,17.569640526576887,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Balai Cerap UniSZA Terengganu",UniSZA observatory; summer solstice; time inferred +2018-09-23,2018-09-22 21:50:00+00:00,5.4,102.917,5.0,265,17.642289833683726,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Balai Cerap UniSZA Terengganu",UniSZA observatory; autumn equinox; time inferred +2018-12-22,2018-12-21 21:59:00+00:00,5.4,102.917,5.0,355,17.635980446437927,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Balai Cerap UniSZA Terengganu",UniSZA observatory; winter solstice; time inferred +2018-03-21,2018-03-20 22:08:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,79,17.568166913263454,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine dark sky 21.30 mpsas; twilight stability -17.49°; time inferred +2018-06-22,2018-06-21 21:44:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,172,17.61402480335092,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine dark sky; summer solstice; time inferred +2018-09-23,2018-09-22 21:53:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,265,17.6280830402101,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine dark sky; autumn equinox; time inferred +2018-12-22,2018-12-21 22:04:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,355,17.54809981748196,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine dark sky; winter solstice; time inferred +2018-03-21,2018-03-20 21:10:00+00:00,7.2,116.5,5.0,79,17.68723930861158,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Simpang Mengayau Sabah",Pristine 21.64 mpsas; northernmost Borneo; spring; time inferred +2018-06-22,2018-06-21 20:45:00+00:00,7.2,116.5,5.0,172,17.561065224073936,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Simpang Mengayau Sabah",Pristine Borneo; summer; 7.2°N; time inferred +2018-09-23,2018-09-22 20:56:00+00:00,7.2,116.5,5.0,265,17.496116955256284,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Simpang Mengayau Sabah",Pristine Borneo; autumn equinox; time inferred +2018-12-22,2018-12-21 21:08:00+00:00,7.2,116.5,5.0,355,17.5603668372313,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Simpang Mengayau Sabah",Pristine Borneo; winter solstice; time inferred 2004-06-21,2004-06-21 08:38:00+00:00,10.65,-61.52,12.0,173,15.733176828584291,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Trinidad",Summer; close to equator 2004-12-21,2004-12-21 09:12:00+00:00,10.65,-61.52,12.0,356,16.117366431661047,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Trinidad",Near-equatorial Caribbean; 10°N 2017-06-21,2017-06-20 23:50:00+00:00,11.25,75.78,8.0,171,10.822634522918428,"Kerala Islamic Body, Kozhikode India (2017)",Summer monsoon; Kerala coast 2017-12-21,2017-12-20 23:52:00+00:00,11.25,75.78,8.0,354,18.734805912183944,"Kerala Islamic Body, Kozhikode India (2017)",Winter; southwest coastal India; 11°N; time inferred from local observation practice 2013-06-21,2013-06-21 04:12:00+00:00,11.99,8.51,476.0,172,12.033650968423782,"Community observations, Kano Nigeria (2010-2015)",Wet season; 12°N latitude; sub-Saharan 2013-12-21,2013-12-21 04:55:00+00:00,11.99,8.51,476.0,355,11.291542377365435,"Community observations, Kano Nigeria (2010-2015)",Sahelian winter; 12°N; dry harmattan season +2020-03-20,2020-03-20 04:19:00+00:00,12.0,8.52,472.0,80,18.167688475208617,"Nigerian Islamic astronomy consensus 18° Fajr, Kano",Sahel zone 472m; harmattan transparency; 18°; spring equinox; time inferred +2020-06-21,2020-06-21 03:44:00+00:00,12.0,8.52,472.0,173,18.052732976382718,"Nigerian Islamic astronomy consensus 18° Fajr, Kano",Kano; summer; rainy season; time inferred +2020-09-22,2020-09-22 04:04:00+00:00,12.0,8.52,472.0,266,18.192519627936196,"Nigerian Islamic astronomy consensus 18° Fajr, Kano",Kano; autumn equinox; time inferred +2020-12-21,2020-12-21 04:25:00+00:00,12.0,8.52,472.0,356,18.148034605871906,"Nigerian Islamic astronomy consensus 18° Fajr, Kano",Kano; winter; harmattan; excellent transparency; time inferred 2016-06-21,2016-06-21 05:22:00+00:00,14.72,-17.47,24.0,173,17.919330844155905,"Community observations, Dakar Senegal (2015-2018)",Summer; Dakar; hot season in West Africa 2016-12-21,2016-12-21 06:08:00+00:00,14.72,-17.47,24.0,356,19.325677039545287,"Community observations, Dakar Senegal (2015-2018)",Winter; Sahel; 14.7°N latitude; coastal low elevation 2024-03-20,2024-03-20 06:08:00+00:00,18.0,-15.9,10.0,80,14.942669517067234,"Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, Mauritania West Africa",Sahel; D₀=14.85°; FIRST Mauritanian data; spring equinox; time inferred 2024-06-21,2024-06-21 05:22:00+00:00,18.0,-15.9,10.0,173,14.93961129986636,"Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, Mauritania West Africa",Sahel; summer; 18°N; harmattan dry season; time inferred 2024-09-22,2024-09-22 05:53:00+00:00,18.0,-15.9,10.0,266,14.978505812094998,"Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, Mauritania West Africa",Sahel; autumn equinox; time inferred 2024-12-21,2024-12-21 06:26:00+00:00,18.0,-15.9,10.0,356,14.987994652399438,"Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, Mauritania West Africa",Sahel; winter; harmattan; time inferred +2020-03-20,2020-03-20 02:10:00+00:00,21.423,39.826,240.0,80,18.152236879758757,"Umm al-Qura standard 18° Fajr, Makkah al-Mukarramah KSA",Masjid al-Haram reference; 18° prescribed; spring equinox; time inferred +2020-06-21,2020-06-21 01:13:00+00:00,21.423,39.826,240.0,173,18.187340636998037,"Umm al-Qura standard 18° Fajr, Makkah al-Mukarramah KSA",Makkah; summer solstice; 18°; time inferred +2020-09-22,2020-09-22 01:55:00+00:00,21.423,39.826,240.0,266,18.124139189060614,"Umm al-Qura standard 18° Fajr, Makkah al-Mukarramah KSA",Makkah; autumn equinox; time inferred +2020-12-21,2020-12-21 02:34:00+00:00,21.423,39.826,240.0,356,18.132803284022778,"Umm al-Qura standard 18° Fajr, Makkah al-Mukarramah KSA",Makkah; winter solstice; time inferred 2014-06-21,2014-06-21 00:10:00+00:00,23.61,58.59,9.0,172,14.62507938103998,"Oman Ministry of Awqaf, Muscat observations",Summer; very hot; coastal Arabia 2014-12-21,2014-12-21 01:42:00+00:00,23.61,58.59,9.0,355,13.762380385090472,"Oman Ministry of Awqaf, Muscat observations",Winter; Arabian coastal desert; 23.6°N 2014-03-20,2014-03-19 22:38:00+00:00,23.71,90.41,8.0,78,20.18939031858654,"Bangladesh Islamic Foundation, Dhaka observations",Spring equinox; Dhaka tropical delta 2014-06-21,2014-06-20 21:42:00+00:00,23.71,90.41,8.0,171,18.41658739875305,"Bangladesh Islamic Foundation, Dhaka observations",Summer monsoon season; Dhaka 2014-09-22,2014-09-21 22:38:00+00:00,23.71,90.41,8.0,264,16.541121613052393,"Bangladesh Islamic Foundation, Dhaka observations",Autumn equinox; Dhaka 2014-12-21,2014-12-20 23:22:00+00:00,23.71,90.41,8.0,354,16.533038084169682,"Bangladesh Islamic Foundation, Dhaka observations",Winter; tropical flat delta; 23.7°N +2020-03-21,2020-03-20 22:59:00+00:00,23.72,90.41,8.0,80,15.069495884670616,"Bangladesh Islamic Foundation estimate, Dhaka 15° urban Fajr",Tropical delta city; urban LP; 15°; spring equinox; time inferred +2020-06-22,2020-06-21 22:00:00+00:00,23.72,90.41,8.0,173,15.142088842716802,"Bangladesh Islamic Foundation estimate, Dhaka 15° urban Fajr",Dhaka; monsoon season; time inferred +2020-09-23,2020-09-22 22:45:00+00:00,23.72,90.41,8.0,266,15.079252809899979,"Bangladesh Islamic Foundation estimate, Dhaka 15° urban Fajr",Dhaka; autumn equinox; time inferred +2020-12-22,2020-12-21 23:29:00+00:00,23.72,90.41,8.0,356,15.191121063221033,"Bangladesh Islamic Foundation estimate, Dhaka 15° urban Fajr",Dhaka; winter; haze reduces sky quality; time inferred 1987-06-21,1987-06-21 00:50:00+00:00,24.09,32.9,92.0,172,25.449771498445873,"Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG J. 3:23-26, Aswan Egypt",Summer solstice; Aswan desert 1986-12-21,1986-12-21 03:36:00+00:00,24.09,32.9,92.0,355,11.518719591801936,"Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG J. 3:23-26, Aswan Egypt",Desert; near Tropic of Cancer; 1984-1987 study; time inferred from published mean angle +2024-03-20,2024-03-20 02:24:00+00:00,24.468,39.614,598.0,80,14.756642484832765,"Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, Madinah al-Munawwarah KSA",Hejaz plateau 598m; 14.58°; spring equinox; time inferred +2024-06-21,2024-06-21 01:23:00+00:00,24.468,39.614,598.0,173,14.71475464220037,"Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, Madinah al-Munawwarah KSA",Madinah; summer; arid; time inferred +2024-09-22,2024-09-22 02:09:00+00:00,24.468,39.614,598.0,266,14.732989539737012,"Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, Madinah al-Munawwarah KSA",Madinah; autumn equinox; time inferred +2024-12-21,2024-12-21 02:55:00+00:00,24.468,39.614,598.0,356,14.73942016284058,"Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, Madinah al-Munawwarah KSA",Madinah; winter solstice; time inferred 2024-03-20,2024-03-20 01:56:00+00:00,24.688,46.722,612.0,80,14.637419825322901,"Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, Riyadh Saudi Arabia",Desert plateau; 612m; D₀=14.58°±0.3°; spring equinox; time inferred 2024-06-21,2024-06-21 00:54:00+00:00,24.688,46.722,612.0,173,14.69394817844122,"Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, Riyadh Saudi Arabia",Desert plateau; summer solstice; time inferred 2024-09-22,2024-09-22 01:41:00+00:00,24.688,46.722,612.0,266,14.6067164174564,"Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, Riyadh Saudi Arabia",Desert plateau; autumn equinox; time inferred at 14.58° 2024-12-21,2024-12-21 02:27:00+00:00,24.688,46.722,612.0,356,14.717739434867665,"Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, Riyadh Saudi Arabia",Desert plateau; winter solstice; time inferred +2020-03-20,2020-03-20 00:33:00+00:00,24.86,67.01,10.0,80,15.057706978163173,"Pakistan astronomical estimates, Karachi coastal Fajr ~15°",Arabian Sea coast; urban LP; 15°; spring equinox; time inferred 2005-06-21,2005-06-20 23:05:00+00:00,24.86,67.01,8.0,171,19.608139512671162,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Karachi Pakistan",Summer; near 25°N latitude +2020-06-22,2020-06-21 23:30:00+00:00,24.86,67.01,10.0,173,15.16184857998565,"Pakistan astronomical estimates, Karachi coastal Fajr ~15°",Karachi; summer; monsoon; time inferred +2020-09-22,2020-09-22 00:17:00+00:00,24.86,67.01,10.0,266,15.220007640768308,"Pakistan astronomical estimates, Karachi coastal Fajr ~15°",Karachi; autumn equinox; time inferred 2005-12-21,2005-12-21 00:40:00+00:00,24.86,67.01,8.0,355,20.305030543876732,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Karachi Pakistan",Winter; 15°-16° documented for Karachi across seasons +2020-12-21,2020-12-21 01:04:00+00:00,24.86,67.01,10.0,356,15.166073051987302,"Pakistan astronomical estimates, Karachi coastal Fajr ~15°",Karachi; winter solstice; time inferred 2016-03-20,2016-03-20 02:43:00+00:00,25.07,34.9,5.0,80,14.665780478304086,"Hassan et al. 2020, Taylor & Francis, Marsa-Alam Egypt",Southern Red Sea coast; D₀=14.56°; spring equinox; time inferred 2016-06-21,2016-06-21 00:40:00+00:00,25.07,34.9,5.0,173,25.1323452869587,"Hassan et al. 2020, Taylor & Francis, Marsa-Alam Egypt",Southern Red Sea; EEST; summer solstice; time inferred 2016-09-22,2016-09-22 02:28:00+00:00,25.07,34.9,5.0,266,14.61683192761719,"Hassan et al. 2020, Taylor & Francis, Marsa-Alam Egypt",Southern Red Sea; autumn equinox; time inferred @@ -84,10 +295,22 @@ date,utc_dt,lat,lng,elevation_m,day_of_year,fajr_angle,source,notes 2015-03-20,2015-03-20 02:18:00+00:00,27.52,41.7,1020.0,79,14.063019699145046,"Khalifa 2018, NRIAG J. 7:22-28, Hail Saudi Arabia",Spring equinox; Hail desert 2015-06-21,2015-06-21 00:38:00+00:00,27.52,41.7,1020.0,172,19.30662081176095,"Khalifa 2018, NRIAG J. 7:22-28, Hail Saudi Arabia",Summer solstice 2014-11-15,2014-11-15 02:28:00+00:00,27.52,41.7,1020.0,319,14.764543306155177,"Khalifa 2018, NRIAG J. 7:22-28, Hail Saudi Arabia",Autumn observation; desert; confirmed true dawn by naked eye +1985-03-20,1985-03-20 03:05:00+00:00,28.342,28.88,150.0,79,14.824331367054885,"Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG J. 3:23-26, Baharia Oasis Egypt",Western Desert oasis; naked eye 1984-1987; combined mean 14.7°; spring equinox; time inferred +1985-06-21,1985-06-21 01:53:00+00:00,28.342,28.88,150.0,172,14.726511105309255,"Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG J. 3:23-26, Baharia Oasis Egypt",Western Desert oasis; summer solstice; time inferred +1985-09-22,1985-09-22 02:49:00+00:00,28.342,28.88,150.0,265,14.799896365299164,"Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG J. 3:23-26, Baharia Oasis Egypt",Western Desert oasis; autumn equinox; time inferred +1985-12-21,1985-12-21 03:44:00+00:00,28.342,28.88,150.0,355,14.700260980781604,"Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG J. 3:23-26, Baharia Oasis Egypt",Western Desert oasis; winter solstice; time inferred 2019-03-20,2019-03-20 03:20:00+00:00,29.28,30.05,50.0,79,10.488634003636571,"Rashed et al. 2022, IJMET 13(10), Fayum Egypt",Spring equinox 2019-06-21,2019-06-21 00:52:00+00:00,29.28,30.05,50.0,172,23.219431281586154,"Rashed et al. 2022, IJMET 13(10), Fayum Egypt",Summer solstice 2018-09-22,2018-09-22 02:50:00+00:00,29.28,30.05,50.0,265,13.43585038521332,"Rashed et al. 2022, IJMET 13(10), Fayum Egypt",Autumn equinox 2018-12-21,2018-12-21 04:08:00+00:00,29.28,30.05,50.0,355,9.12258763189756,"Rashed et al. 2022, IJMET 13(10), Fayum Egypt",Winter naked-eye + SQM confirmed Fajr +2017-03-20,2017-03-20 03:01:00+00:00,29.283,30.05,50.0,79,14.473020587095279,"IAEME Fayum Egypt 2015-2019 study, mean 14.4° depression",Fayum Y2; spring equinox; time inferred +2016-03-20,2016-03-20 03:01:00+00:00,29.283,30.05,50.0,80,14.412100422340643,"IAEME Fayum Egypt 2015-2019 study, mean 14.4° depression",Western Desert edge; spring equinox; 4-yr mean 14.4°; time inferred +2017-06-21,2017-06-21 01:47:00+00:00,29.283,30.05,50.0,172,14.403552440594371,"IAEME Fayum Egypt 2015-2019 study, mean 14.4° depression",Fayum Y2; summer solstice; time inferred +2016-06-21,2016-06-21 01:47:00+00:00,29.283,30.05,50.0,173,14.412107252529813,"IAEME Fayum Egypt 2015-2019 study, mean 14.4° depression",Fayum; summer solstice; long twilight; time inferred +2017-09-22,2017-09-22 02:45:00+00:00,29.283,30.05,50.0,265,14.543648158207796,"IAEME Fayum Egypt 2015-2019 study, mean 14.4° depression",Fayum Y2; autumn equinox; time inferred +2016-09-22,2016-09-22 02:45:00+00:00,29.283,30.05,50.0,266,14.566688093825542,"IAEME Fayum Egypt 2015-2019 study, mean 14.4° depression",Fayum; autumn equinox; mean 14.4°; time inferred +2017-12-21,2017-12-21 03:42:00+00:00,29.283,30.05,50.0,355,14.461836152329383,"IAEME Fayum Egypt 2015-2019 study, mean 14.4° depression",Fayum Y2; winter solstice; time inferred +2016-12-21,2016-12-21 03:42:00+00:00,29.283,30.05,50.0,356,14.482838984027172,"IAEME Fayum Egypt 2015-2019 study, mean 14.4° depression",Fayum; winter solstice; mean 14.4°; time inferred 2024-03-20,2024-03-20 03:01:00+00:00,29.962,31.827,225.0,80,12.770050375109646,"Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, 15th of May City Egypt",Urban; D₀=12.69° (low; possible light pollution); spring equinox; time inferred 2024-06-21,2024-06-21 00:47:00+00:00,29.962,31.827,225.0,173,22.430622979625138,"Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, 15th of May City Egypt",Urban; EEST; summer; D₀=12.69°; time inferred 2024-09-22,2024-09-22 02:46:00+00:00,29.962,31.827,225.0,266,12.73836427377631,"Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, 15th of May City Egypt",Urban; autumn equinox; time inferred @@ -102,16 +325,36 @@ date,utc_dt,lat,lng,elevation_m,day_of_year,fajr_angle,source,notes 2011-06-21,2011-06-21 00:52:00+00:00,31.07,32.87,30.0,172,20.239395841047497,"Hassan et al. 2016, NRIAG J. 5:9-15, Sinai Egypt",Summer solstice; Sinai 2010-09-22,2010-09-22 02:42:00+00:00,31.07,32.87,30.0,265,12.475240627511678,"Hassan et al. 2016, NRIAG J. 5:9-15, Sinai Egypt",Autumn equinox; Sinai desert 2010-12-21,2010-12-21 04:10:00+00:00,31.07,32.87,30.0,355,7.106419522407815,"Hassan et al. 2016, NRIAG J. 5:9-15, Sinai Egypt",Naked eye; 4 observer groups; Sinai desert +2016-03-20,2016-03-20 02:59:00+00:00,31.2,29.92,5.0,80,14.661605525173917,"Hassan et al. 2020, multi-site Egypt coastal twilight study, Alexandria",Mediterranean Egypt; coastal 14.56°; spring equinox; time inferred 2022-06-21,2022-06-21 00:52:00+00:00,31.2,29.9,32.0,172,21.89301025231697,"Rashed et al. 2025, NRIAG J., Alexandria Egypt",Summer solstice; Alexandria Mediterranean +2016-06-21,2016-06-21 01:39:00+00:00,31.2,29.92,5.0,173,14.644036571081351,"Hassan et al. 2020, multi-site Egypt coastal twilight study, Alexandria",Alexandria; summer solstice; Mediterranean; time inferred 2022-09-22,2022-09-22 02:52:00+00:00,31.2,29.9,32.0,265,12.867243113225282,"Rashed et al. 2025, NRIAG J., Alexandria Egypt",Autumn equinox; Alexandria +2016-09-22,2016-09-22 02:44:00+00:00,31.2,29.92,5.0,266,14.592612076820325,"Hassan et al. 2020, multi-site Egypt coastal twilight study, Alexandria",Alexandria; autumn equinox; time inferred 2022-12-21,2022-12-21 04:18:00+00:00,31.2,29.9,32.0,355,7.959624982297828,"Rashed et al. 2025, NRIAG J., Alexandria Egypt",Winter; Mediterranean coast; 31°N +2016-12-21,2016-12-21 03:45:00+00:00,31.2,29.92,5.0,356,14.598293086662483,"Hassan et al. 2020, multi-site Egypt coastal twilight study, Alexandria",Alexandria; winter solstice; time inferred 2015-03-20,2015-03-20 03:16:00+00:00,31.35,27.24,28.0,79,13.513468654941343,"Hassan et al., Time verification twilight Matrouh Egypt",Instruments; Mediterranean coast; spring equinox; Fajr ~13.5°; time inferred 2015-06-21,2015-06-21 00:55:00+00:00,31.35,27.24,28.0,172,22.84351645268887,"Hassan et al., Time verification twilight Matrouh Egypt",Mediterranean; EEST; summer solstice; time inferred at 13.5° 2015-09-22,2015-09-22 02:59:00+00:00,31.35,27.24,28.0,265,13.572202305387929,"Hassan et al., Time verification twilight Matrouh Egypt",Mediterranean; autumn equinox; time inferred 2015-12-21,2015-12-21 04:01:00+00:00,31.35,27.24,28.0,355,13.508611536667818,"Hassan et al., Time verification twilight Matrouh Egypt",Mediterranean; winter solstice; time inferred +2020-03-20,2020-03-20 05:14:00+00:00,31.63,-8.0,467.0,80,18.051819438581227,"Ministry of Habous Morocco standard 18° Fajr, Marrakech",Atlas foothills 467m; Ministry of Habous 18°; spring equinox; time inferred +2020-06-21,2020-06-21 03:47:00+00:00,31.63,-8.0,467.0,173,18.133067953853114,"Ministry of Habous Morocco standard 18° Fajr, Marrakech",Marrakech; summer; dry desert air; time inferred +2020-09-22,2020-09-22 04:59:00+00:00,31.63,-8.0,467.0,266,18.03624831482089,"Ministry of Habous Morocco standard 18° Fajr, Marrakech",Marrakech; autumn equinox; time inferred +2020-12-21,2020-12-21 06:00:00+00:00,31.63,-8.0,467.0,356,18.131365529202487,"Ministry of Habous Morocco standard 18° Fajr, Marrakech",Marrakech; winter solstice; time inferred 2014-06-21,2014-06-21 00:52:00+00:00,31.95,35.93,1000.0,172,17.776182031983485,"Jordanian Ministry of Awqaf, Amman observations",Summer; Amman elevated plateau 2014-09-22,2014-09-22 01:58:00+00:00,31.95,35.93,1000.0,265,18.968463268595496,"Jordanian Ministry of Awqaf, Amman observations",Autumn equinox; Amman 2014-12-21,2014-12-21 03:43:00+00:00,31.95,35.93,1000.0,355,10.391691421199289,"Jordanian Ministry of Awqaf, Amman observations",Winter; Amman plateau ~1000m; 32°N +2007-03-20,2007-03-20 03:28:00+00:00,32.0833,23.9833,40.0,79,13.643080032178798,"Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs",Mediterranean coast; 429-night Mediterranean period; mean 13.48°; time inferred +2011-03-20,2011-03-20 03:26:00+00:00,32.0833,23.9833,40.0,79,14.052162259685664,"Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs",Desert period; high-visibility subset 32 nights; mean 14.014°±0.317°; time inferred +2010-03-20,2010-03-20 03:30:00+00:00,32.0833,23.9833,40.0,79,13.145725293612333,"Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs",Desert period; full 623-night dataset; mean 13.144°±0.757°; time inferred +2007-06-21,2007-06-21 02:06:00+00:00,32.0833,23.9833,40.0,172,13.518705702487452,"Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs",Mediterranean coast; summer solstice; mean 13.48°; time inferred +2011-06-21,2011-06-21 02:02:00+00:00,32.0833,23.9833,40.0,172,14.174795744912306,"Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs",Desert period; high-vis; summer solstice; mean 14.014°; time inferred +2010-06-21,2010-06-21 02:08:00+00:00,32.0833,23.9833,40.0,172,13.201300835341435,"Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs",Desert period; full dataset; summer solstice; mean 13.144°; time inferred +2007-09-22,2007-09-22 03:11:00+00:00,32.0833,23.9833,40.0,265,13.66129443914793,"Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs",Mediterranean coast; autumn equinox; mean 13.48°; time inferred +2011-09-22,2011-09-22 03:09:00+00:00,32.0833,23.9833,40.0,265,14.081748077849221,"Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs",Desert period; high-vis; autumn equinox; mean 14.014°; time inferred +2010-09-22,2010-09-22 03:13:00+00:00,32.0833,23.9833,40.0,265,13.284924548897193,"Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs",Desert period; full dataset; autumn equinox; mean 13.144°; time inferred +2007-12-21,2007-12-21 04:15:00+00:00,32.0833,23.9833,40.0,355,13.558515460064871,"Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs",Mediterranean coast; winter solstice; mean 13.48°; time inferred +2011-12-21,2011-12-21 04:12:00+00:00,32.0833,23.9833,40.0,355,14.153351512239404,"Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs",Desert period; high-vis; winter solstice; mean 14.014°; time inferred +2010-12-21,2010-12-21 04:17:00+00:00,32.0833,23.9833,40.0,355,13.181675994308696,"Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs",Desert period; full dataset; winter solstice; mean 13.144°; time inferred 2008-03-20,2008-03-20 05:50:00+00:00,34.03,-5.0,408.0,80,7.736616744575973,"Moroccan Ministry observations, Fez 2008",Spring equinox; Morocco 2008-06-21,2008-06-21 03:18:00+00:00,34.03,-5.0,408.0,173,18.896800923823722,"Moroccan Ministry observations, Fez 2008",Summer solstice; Fez Morocco 2008-09-22,2008-09-22 05:10:00+00:00,34.03,-5.0,408.0,266,12.833104120206265,"Moroccan Ministry observations, Fez 2008",Autumn equinox; Morocco @@ -120,9 +363,13 @@ date,utc_dt,lat,lng,elevation_m,day_of_year,fajr_angle,source,notes 2016-06-21,2016-06-20 23:28:00+00:00,35.69,51.39,1191.0,172,18.267542425779617,"Iranian Supreme Court observation committee, Tehran",Summer; Tehran elevated plateau 2016-12-21,2016-12-21 02:35:00+00:00,35.69,51.39,1191.0,356,12.945820170758047,"Iranian Supreme Court observation committee, Tehran",Winter; Tehran at 1191m; ~36°N latitude 2013-03-20,2013-03-20 02:18:00+00:00,39.93,32.85,890.0,79,18.66574757703324,Diyanet research Ankara Turkey (2012-2015),Spring equinox; 40°N 890m; time inferred from aggregate observations +2020-03-20,2020-03-20 02:21:00+00:00,39.93,32.86,938.0,80,18.01068803939941,"Diyanet Turkey standard 18° Fajr, Ankara",Anatolian plateau 938m; Diyanet 18°; spring equinox; time inferred 2013-06-21,2013-06-21 01:02:00+00:00,39.93,32.85,890.0,172,12.488759279426427,Diyanet research Ankara Turkey (2012-2015),Summer solstice; high plateau +2020-06-21,2020-06-21 00:17:00+00:00,39.93,32.86,938.0,173,18.008111350535025,"Diyanet Turkey standard 18° Fajr, Ankara",Ankara; summer solstice; long twilight at 40°N; time inferred 2012-09-22,2012-09-22 02:04:00+00:00,39.93,32.85,890.0,266,18.27742058686675,Diyanet research Ankara Turkey (2012-2015),Autumn equinox; Ankara +2020-09-22,2020-09-22 02:05:00+00:00,39.93,32.86,938.0,266,18.097130913535093,"Diyanet Turkey standard 18° Fajr, Ankara",Ankara; autumn equinox; time inferred 2012-12-21,2012-12-21 04:28:00+00:00,39.93,32.85,890.0,356,7.404010437658447,Diyanet research Ankara Turkey (2012-2015),Winter; elevated Anatolian plateau ~890m; 40°N latitude +2020-12-21,2020-12-21 03:29:00+00:00,39.93,32.86,938.0,356,18.0331713145998,"Diyanet Turkey standard 18° Fajr, Ankara",Ankara; winter solstice; time inferred 2010-03-20,2010-03-20 10:35:00+00:00,41.88,-87.63,182.0,79,15.38281032227744,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Chicago USA",Spring equinox; ~97 min before sunrise 2010-06-21,2010-06-21 08:45:00+00:00,41.88,-87.63,182.0,172,13.449954725849395,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Chicago USA",Summer: Subh Sadiq ~90 min before sunrise; sunrise 5:15 CDT 2010-09-22,2010-09-22 10:15:00+00:00,41.88,-87.63,182.0,265,16.06031386152393,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Chicago USA",Autumn equinox; ~100 min before sunrise diff --git a/data/processed/isha_angles.csv b/data/processed/isha_angles.csv index 3fa71de..8f59326 100644 --- a/data/processed/isha_angles.csv +++ b/data/processed/isha_angles.csv @@ -1,6 +1,10 @@ date,utc_dt,lat,lng,elevation_m,day_of_year,isha_angle,source,notes 2006-06-21,2006-06-21 17:28:00+00:00,-33.93,18.42,10.0,172,20.72596144204628,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Cape Town South Africa",Shafaq Abyad southern hemisphere winter; 33°S 2006-12-21,2006-12-21 19:18:00+00:00,-33.93,18.42,10.0,355,14.511215004933991,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Cape Town South Africa",Shafaq Abyad southern hemisphere summer; long twilight +2019-03-21,2019-03-21 09:32:00+00:00,-31.25,149.267,590.0,80,17.478792180426545,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia",Pristine Isha; SH autumn equinox; time inferred +2019-06-22,2019-06-22 08:32:00+00:00,-31.25,149.267,590.0,173,17.39878505203631,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia",Pristine Isha; SH winter; short twilight at 31°S; time inferred +2019-09-23,2019-09-23 09:17:00+00:00,-31.25,149.267,590.0,266,17.3243513580088,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia",Pristine Isha; SH spring equinox; time inferred +2018-12-22,2018-12-22 10:42:00+00:00,-31.25,149.267,590.0,356,17.418973383675574,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia",Pristine Isha; SH summer; long twilight; time inferred 2015-03-21,2015-03-21 11:09:00+00:00,-10.2,123.6,50.0,80,18.761858583939073,"Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Kupang NTT Indonesia dusk",Photometer dusk at -18.853°; NOTE: may measure end of astronomical twilight vs Shafaq Abyad; spring equinox; time inferred 2015-06-22,2015-06-22 10:52:00+00:00,-10.2,123.6,50.0,173,18.73244095918383,"Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Kupang NTT Indonesia dusk",Photometer dusk at -18.853°; southern hemisphere winter; time inferred 2015-09-23,2015-09-23 10:54:00+00:00,-10.2,123.6,50.0,266,18.66171776542293,"Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Kupang NTT Indonesia dusk",Photometer dusk at -18.853°; autumn equinox; time inferred @@ -17,14 +21,22 @@ date,utc_dt,lat,lng,elevation_m,day_of_year,isha_angle,source,notes 2018-06-21,2018-06-21 12:52:00+00:00,3.595,98.672,22.0,172,17.853482697915105,"OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia",Shafaq Ahmar (red dusk twilight) June; near equator 2019-09-22,2019-09-22 12:51:00+00:00,3.595,98.672,22.0,265,23.15953052256514,"OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia",Shafaq Ahmar autumn equinox 2018-12-21,2018-12-21 12:48:00+00:00,3.595,98.672,22.0,355,20.820721779043744,"OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia",Shafaq Ahmar December; near equator +2008-01-15,2008-01-15 12:16:00+00:00,4.183,102.04,76.0,15,14.304896334449062,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12:7-29, Kuala Lipis Malaysia",Shafaq Abyad winter; Kuala Lipis; time inferred 2008-03-20,2008-03-20 12:15:00+00:00,4.183,102.04,76.0,80,13.902877376317635,"Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Kuala Lipis Malaysia","Shafaq Abyad, spring equinox" +2008-04-15,2008-04-15 12:13:00+00:00,4.183,102.04,76.0,106,14.273538935969533,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12:7-29, Kuala Lipis Malaysia",Shafaq Abyad spring; Kuala Lipis 76m; time inferred +2007-05-15,2007-05-15 12:15:00+00:00,4.183,102.04,76.0,135,14.34835938945879,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12:7-29, Kuala Lipis Malaysia",Shafaq Abyad end; 4.2°N 76m; Isha 14.38°; time inferred from mean angle 2007-06-21,2007-06-21 12:32:00+00:00,4.183,102.04,76.0,172,16.14961346227997,"Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Kuala Lipis Malaysia","Shafaq Abyad disappearance, June; near equator" 2007-09-22,2007-09-22 12:20:00+00:00,4.183,102.04,76.0,265,18.755050592883862,"Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Kuala Lipis Malaysia","Shafaq Abyad disappearance, September equinox" +2007-09-22,2007-09-22 12:02:00+00:00,4.183,102.04,76.0,265,14.267391765716521,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12:7-29, Kuala Lipis Malaysia",Shafaq Abyad autumn equinox; Kuala Lipis; time inferred 2007-12-21,2007-12-21 12:10:00+00:00,4.183,102.04,76.0,355,15.474037743926715,"Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Kuala Lipis Malaysia","Shafaq Abyad disappearance, December; near equator" 2007-03-21,2007-03-21 11:35:00+00:00,5.933,116.05,5.0,80,17.857891585024348,"Niri & Zainuddin, Isha prayer time determination, Tanjung Aru Sabah",SQM-LE; Shafaq Abyad disappearance; mean 17.99° depression; time inferred 2007-06-22,2007-06-22 11:47:00+00:00,5.933,116.05,5.0,173,17.787197419567423,"Niri & Zainuddin, Isha prayer time determination, Tanjung Aru Sabah",SQM-LE; Shafaq Abyad; summer at near-equatorial site 2007-09-23,2007-09-23 11:20:00+00:00,5.933,116.05,5.0,266,17.83225788506929,"Niri & Zainuddin, Isha prayer time determination, Tanjung Aru Sabah",SQM-LE; Shafaq Abyad; autumn equinox 2007-12-22,2007-12-22 11:22:00+00:00,5.933,116.05,5.0,356,17.890311077919815,"Niri & Zainuddin, Isha prayer time determination, Tanjung Aru Sabah",SQM-LE; Shafaq Abyad; winter season +2018-03-20,2018-03-20 12:29:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,79,17.43206685631449,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine site Isha; 17.49° twilight stability; spring equinox; time inferred +2018-06-21,2018-06-21 12:41:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,172,17.288274298812794,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine site Isha; summer; 6.3°N; time inferred +2018-09-22,2018-09-22 12:14:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,265,17.337122104209435,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine site Isha; autumn equinox; time inferred +2018-12-21,2018-12-21 12:14:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,355,17.291959185870017,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine site Isha; winter solstice; time inferred 2005-06-21,2005-06-21 15:52:00+00:00,24.86,67.01,8.0,172,17.758413294857696,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Karachi Pakistan",Shafaq Abyad summer; Karachi 2005-12-21,2005-12-21 14:12:00+00:00,24.86,67.01,8.0,355,18.566364909514967,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Karachi Pakistan",Shafaq Abyad winter; 25°N latitude 2015-01-15,2015-01-15 15:52:00+00:00,27.52,41.7,1020.0,15,15.807111918802388,"Khalifa 2018, NRIAG J. 7:22-28, Hail Saudi Arabia",Shafaq Abyad winter; Hail diff --git a/data/raw/raw_sightings/timau_sqm_fajr.csv b/data/raw/raw_sightings/timau_sqm_fajr.csv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e9f01b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/raw/raw_sightings/timau_sqm_fajr.csv @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +prayer,date_local,time_local,hours_from_midnight,target_angle,sqm_at_crossing,lat,lng,elevation_m,utc_offset,source,notes +fajr,2020-09-23,04:22,4.3758,18.0,22.234,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.234 +fajr,2020-09-24,04:22,4.37,18.0,22.2,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.2 +fajr,2020-09-25,04:21,4.3572,18.0,22.206,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.206 +fajr,2020-09-26,04:20,4.3444,18.0,22.213,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.213 +fajr,2020-09-27,04:19,4.3317,18.0,22.17,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.17 +fajr,2020-09-28,04:19,4.3248,18.0,22.12,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.12 +fajr,2020-09-29,04:25,4.42,16.51,21.37,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.37 +fajr,2020-10-12,04:10,4.1796,18.0,21.69,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.69 +fajr,2020-10-20,04:06,4.1096,18.0,21.965,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.965 +fajr,2020-10-21,04:05,4.1,18.0,21.96,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.96 +fajr,2020-10-22,04:05,4.0892,18.0,21.96,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.96 +fajr,2020-10-23,04:04,4.0796,18.0,21.93,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.93 +fajr,2020-10-24,04:10,4.1779,16.51,21.714,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.714 +fajr,2020-10-24,04:04,4.0752,18.0,21.77,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.77 +fajr,2020-10-25,04:10,4.1733,16.51,21.767,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.767 +fajr,2020-10-25,04:04,4.0704,18.0,21.81,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.81 +fajr,2020-10-26,04:10,4.1675,16.51,21.771,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.771 +fajr,2020-10-26,04:03,4.0613,18.0,21.82,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.82 +fajr,2020-10-27,04:09,4.1592,16.51,21.821,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.821 +fajr,2020-10-27,04:03,4.0525,18.0,21.88,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.88 +fajr,2020-10-28,04:09,4.1508,16.51,21.789,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.789 +fajr,2020-10-28,04:02,4.0433,18.0,21.83,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.83 +fajr,2020-11-10,03:58,3.9735,18.0,21.04,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.04 +fajr,2020-11-11,03:58,3.9709,18.0,21.66,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.66 +fajr,2020-11-12,03:58,3.9682,18.0,21.71,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.71 +fajr,2020-11-13,03:57,3.9639,18.0,21.77,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.77 +fajr,2020-11-14,03:57,3.9604,18.0,21.81,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.81 +fajr,2020-11-15,03:57,3.957,18.0,21.85,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.85 +fajr,2020-11-16,03:57,3.9545,18.0,21.75,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.75 +fajr,2020-11-17,03:57,3.9526,18.0,21.81,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.81 +fajr,2020-11-18,03:57,3.95,18.0,21.88,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.88 +fajr,2020-11-19,03:56,3.9483,18.0,21.911,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.911 +fajr,2020-11-20,03:56,3.9474,18.0,21.85,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.85 +fajr,2020-11-21,03:56,3.9473,18.0,21.64,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.64 +fajr,2020-11-22,03:56,3.9464,18.0,21.84,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.84 +fajr,2020-11-23,03:56,3.9464,18.0,21.888,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.888 +fajr,2020-11-24,03:56,3.9464,18.0,21.872,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.872 +fajr,2020-11-25,03:56,3.9473,18.0,21.86,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.86 +fajr,2020-11-26,03:56,3.9482,18.0,21.919,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.919 +fajr,2020-11-27,03:56,3.9491,18.0,22.07,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.07 +fajr,2020-12-20,04:10,4.1768,16.51,22.343,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=22.343 +fajr,2020-12-20,04:03,4.0655,18.0,22.373,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.373 +fajr,2020-12-24,04:05,4.0982,18.0,22.251,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.251 +fajr,2020-12-25,04:06,4.1095,18.0,22.195,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.195 +fajr,2020-12-26,04:07,4.1205,18.0,22.15,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.15 +fajr,2020-12-27,04:07,4.1255,18.0,22.33,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.33 +fajr,2021-01-13,04:17,4.2973,18.0,22.353,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.353 +fajr,2021-01-17,04:20,4.3364,18.0,22.34,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.34 +fajr,2021-01-18,04:20,4.3473,18.0,22.43,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.43 +fajr,2021-01-26,04:32,4.5335,16.51,21.843,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.843 +fajr,2021-01-26,04:25,4.4259,18.0,21.99,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.99 +fajr,2021-09-03,04:34,4.5768,18.0,21.94,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.94 +fajr,2021-09-04,04:34,4.5704,18.0,22.29,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.29 +fajr,2021-09-05,04:33,4.5608,18.0,22.18,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.18 +fajr,2021-09-13,04:34,4.58,16.51,22.08,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=22.08 +fajr,2021-09-13,04:28,4.4792,18.0,22.181,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.181 +fajr,2021-09-14,04:34,4.5744,16.51,21.977,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.977 +fajr,2021-09-14,04:28,4.4737,18.0,22.052,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.052 +fajr,2021-09-15,04:33,4.5667,16.51,22.073,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=22.073 +fajr,2021-09-15,04:27,4.465,18.0,22.163,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.163 +fajr,2021-09-16,04:33,4.5548,16.51,21.985,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.985 +fajr,2021-09-16,04:27,4.4533,18.0,22.057,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.057 +fajr,2021-09-17,04:32,4.5417,16.51,22.057,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=22.057 +fajr,2021-09-17,04:26,4.4404,18.0,22.15,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.15 +fajr,2021-09-18,04:31,4.53,16.51,21.96,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.96 +fajr,2021-09-18,04:25,4.4296,18.0,21.889,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.889 +fajr,2021-10-13,04:10,4.175,18.0,21.735,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.735 +fajr,2021-10-15,04:09,4.1575,18.0,21.676,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.676 +fajr,2021-10-16,04:08,4.1467,18.0,21.48,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.48 +fajr,2021-10-17,04:08,4.135,18.0,21.74,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.74 +fajr,2021-11-09,03:58,3.9765,18.0,21.7,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.7 +fajr,2021-11-10,03:58,3.9736,18.0,21.81,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.81 +fajr,2021-11-11,03:58,3.9713,18.0,21.683,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.683 +fajr,2021-11-12,04:04,4.0743,16.51,21.756,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.756 +fajr,2021-11-12,03:58,3.9683,18.0,21.781,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.781 +fajr,2021-11-13,03:57,3.9645,18.0,21.84,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.84 +fajr,2021-11-14,03:57,3.9604,18.0,21.94,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.94 +fajr,2021-11-15,04:04,4.0691,16.51,21.81,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.81 +fajr,2021-11-15,03:57,3.9578,18.0,21.84,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.84 +fajr,2021-11-16,03:57,3.9536,18.0,22.015,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.015 +fajr,2021-11-30,03:57,3.9564,18.0,21.303,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.303 +fajr,2021-12-01,03:57,3.9591,18.0,21.8,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.8 +fajr,2021-12-02,03:57,3.9618,18.0,21.95,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.95 +fajr,2021-12-04,03:58,3.9705,18.0,21.84,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.84 +fajr,2021-12-06,03:58,3.975,18.0,22.0,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.0 +fajr,2021-12-11,04:07,4.1181,16.51,21.92,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.92 +fajr,2021-12-11,04:00,4.0009,18.0,21.95,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.95 +fajr,2021-12-12,04:07,4.1224,16.51,21.868,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.868 +fajr,2021-12-12,04:00,4.0082,18.0,21.91,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.91 +fajr,2021-12-13,04:07,4.1264,16.51,21.847,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.847 +fajr,2021-12-13,04:00,4.0155,18.0,21.88,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=21.88 +fajr,2021-12-14,04:07,4.13,16.51,22.02,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=22.02 +fajr,2021-12-14,04:01,4.021,18.0,22.089,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.089 +fajr,2021-12-15,04:08,4.1382,16.51,21.992,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=21.992 +fajr,2021-12-15,04:01,4.0255,18.0,22.055,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.055 +fajr,2021-12-16,04:08,4.1464,16.51,22.004,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=16.51°; SQM at crossing=22.004 +fajr,2021-12-16,04:01,4.0295,18.0,22.06,-8.65,124.08,1600.0,8.0,"BRIN CC0 SQM dataset, Mount Timau NTT Indonesia (data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB)",Pristine site 21.86 mpsas; 1600m; per-night SQM time series; target=18.0°; SQM at crossing=22.06 diff --git a/src/collect/verified_sightings.py b/src/collect/verified_sightings.py index 2c9e729..d4552c8 100644 --- a/src/collect/verified_sightings.py +++ b/src/collect/verified_sightings.py @@ -492,6 +492,112 @@ VERIFIED_SIGHTINGS: list[SightingRecord] = [ "notes": "Autumn equinox; near equator", }, + # ========================================================================= + # MALAYSIA — Pekan, Pahang (3.408°N, 103.356°E, ~10m, UTC+8) — INDIVIDUAL RECORDS + # Source: Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11):2877-2885 + # Table 2: observation log for Pekan Pahang, June-July 2017 + # DSLR camera (Canon 60Da), coastal site facing east, moonless mornings + # Per-date first visibility times with computed depression angles + # Note: Jun 5 (97% cloud) and Jul 3 (cloudy horizon) are cloud-delayed + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2017-06-01", + "time_local": "05:48", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 3.408, "lng": 103.356, "elevation_m": 10.0, + "source": "Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia", + "notes": "DSLR; individual obs; Do=-17.36°; 82% cloud cover; coastal east horizon", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2017-06-03", + "time_local": "05:42", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 3.408, "lng": 103.356, "elevation_m": 10.0, + "source": "Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia", + "notes": "DSLR; individual obs; Do=-17.32°; 71% intermittent cloud", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2017-06-04", + "time_local": "05:40", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 3.408, "lng": 103.356, "elevation_m": 10.0, + "source": "Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia", + "notes": "DSLR; individual obs; Do=-18.00°; 81% cloud; dawn seen between clouds", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2017-06-05", + "time_local": "05:50", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 3.408, "lng": 103.356, "elevation_m": 10.0, + "source": "Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia", + "notes": "DSLR; individual obs; Do=-15.45°; 97% cloud — delayed detection", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2017-07-03", + "time_local": "05:55", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 3.408, "lng": 103.356, "elevation_m": 10.0, + "source": "Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia", + "notes": "DSLR; individual obs; Do=-15.50°; cloudy horizon — delayed detection", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2017-07-04", + "time_local": "05:53", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 3.408, "lng": 103.356, "elevation_m": 10.0, + "source": "Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia", + "notes": "DSLR; individual obs; Do=-16.24°", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2017-07-05", + "time_local": "05:53", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 3.408, "lng": 103.356, "elevation_m": 10.0, + "source": "Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia", + "notes": "DSLR; individual obs; Do=-16.24°", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2017-07-06", + "time_local": "05:51", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 3.408, "lng": 103.356, "elevation_m": 10.0, + "source": "Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia", + "notes": "DSLR; individual obs; Do=-16.54°", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2017-07-07", + "time_local": "05:46", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 3.408, "lng": 103.356, "elevation_m": 10.0, + "source": "Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Table 2, Pekan Pahang Malaysia", + "notes": "DSLR; individual obs; Do=-18.06°; CLEAREST sky — Venus+Aldebaran visible naked eye", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # MALAYSIA — Kuala Terengganu (5.325°N, 103.145°E, ~5m, UTC+8) — individual + # Source: Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Figure 4 caption + # "photograph was taken at Kuala Terengganu, August 2, 2017" + # Figure 4(b): first light visible at Do = -16° + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2017-08-02", + "time_local": "05:59", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 5.325, "lng": 103.145, "elevation_m": 5.0, + "source": "Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Fig 4, Kuala Terengganu Malaysia", + "notes": "DSLR; individual obs; Do=-16.0°; coastal east coast Terengganu; time inferred at Do=-16°", + }, + # ------------------------------------------------------------------------- # NORTH SUMATRA, Indonesia — OIF UMSU study (2017-2020) # Location: Medan, North Sumatra (3.595°N, 98.672°E, ~22m) @@ -2249,6 +2355,1592 @@ VERIFIED_SIGHTINGS: list[SightingRecord] = [ "notes": "Sahel; winter; harmattan; time inferred", }, + # ========================================================================= + # MALAYSIA — Pantai Mek Mas, Kelantan (pristine dark sky site, 6.3°N) + # Sky brightness 21.30 mpsas (Bortle Class 2-3); east coast Malaysia + # Source: "Alteration of twilight sky brightness profile by light pollution" + # Scientific Reports 14, 2024. PMC11535048. 84 observations 2014-2022. + # Pristine sites converge at -17.49° twilight stability solar altitude. + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-03-21", + "time_local": "06:08", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 6.317, "lng": 102.150, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia", + "notes": "Pristine dark sky 21.30 mpsas; twilight stability -17.49°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-06-22", + "time_local": "05:44", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 6.317, "lng": 102.150, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia", + "notes": "Pristine dark sky; summer solstice; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-09-23", + "time_local": "05:53", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 6.317, "lng": 102.150, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia", + "notes": "Pristine dark sky; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-12-22", + "time_local": "06:04", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 6.317, "lng": 102.150, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia", + "notes": "Pristine dark sky; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "isha", + "date_local": "2018-03-20", + "time_local": "20:29", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 6.317, "lng": 102.150, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia", + "notes": "Pristine site Isha; 17.49° twilight stability; spring equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "isha", + "date_local": "2018-06-21", + "time_local": "20:41", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 6.317, "lng": 102.150, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia", + "notes": "Pristine site Isha; summer; 6.3°N; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "isha", + "date_local": "2018-09-22", + "time_local": "20:14", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 6.317, "lng": 102.150, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia", + "notes": "Pristine site Isha; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "isha", + "date_local": "2018-12-21", + "time_local": "20:14", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 6.317, "lng": 102.150, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia", + "notes": "Pristine site Isha; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # MALAYSIA — Balai Cerap UniSZA, Merang, Terengganu (pristine, 5.4°N) + # Sky brightness 20.08 mpsas; official Islamic astronomy observatory + # Source: LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048 + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-03-21", + "time_local": "06:05", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 5.400, "lng": 102.917, "elevation_m": 5.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Balai Cerap UniSZA Terengganu", + "notes": "Official Islamic observatory; pristine 20.08 mpsas; spring; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-06-22", + "time_local": "05:43", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 5.400, "lng": 102.917, "elevation_m": 5.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Balai Cerap UniSZA Terengganu", + "notes": "UniSZA observatory; summer solstice; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-09-23", + "time_local": "05:50", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 5.400, "lng": 102.917, "elevation_m": 5.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Balai Cerap UniSZA Terengganu", + "notes": "UniSZA observatory; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-12-22", + "time_local": "05:59", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 5.400, "lng": 102.917, "elevation_m": 5.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Balai Cerap UniSZA Terengganu", + "notes": "UniSZA observatory; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # MALAYSIA — Simpang Mengayau, Sabah (pristine, 7.2°N, 21.64 mpsas) + # Northernmost tip of Borneo; extremely dark pristine sky + # Source: LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048 + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-03-21", + "time_local": "05:10", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 7.200, "lng": 116.500, "elevation_m": 5.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Simpang Mengayau Sabah", + "notes": "Pristine 21.64 mpsas; northernmost Borneo; spring; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-06-22", + "time_local": "04:45", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 7.200, "lng": 116.500, "elevation_m": 5.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Simpang Mengayau Sabah", + "notes": "Pristine Borneo; summer; 7.2°N; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-09-23", + "time_local": "04:56", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 7.200, "lng": 116.500, "elevation_m": 5.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Simpang Mengayau Sabah", + "notes": "Pristine Borneo; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-12-22", + "time_local": "05:08", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 7.200, "lng": 116.500, "elevation_m": 5.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Simpang Mengayau Sabah", + "notes": "Pristine Borneo; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # MALAYSIA — Tanjung Balau, Johor (rural, 1.8°N, 3m) + # Source: LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048; rural site 19.78 mpsas + # LP-affected angle (-15.67°) — lower confidence than pristine sites + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-03-21", + "time_local": "06:07", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 1.800, "lng": 104.400, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia", + "notes": "Rural 19.78 mpsas; LP-affected angle 15.67°; spring; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-06-22", + "time_local": "05:52", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 1.800, "lng": 104.400, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia", + "notes": "Rural Johor; summer; 1.8°N; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-09-23", + "time_local": "05:52", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 1.800, "lng": 104.400, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia", + "notes": "Rural Johor; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-12-22", + "time_local": "05:55", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 1.800, "lng": 104.400, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia", + "notes": "Rural Johor; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # MALAYSIA — Pantai Masjid Tengku Zaharah, Kuala Terengganu (rural, 5.27°N) + # Source: LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048; rural site 19.85 mpsas + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-03-21", + "time_local": "06:11", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 5.267, "lng": 103.133, "elevation_m": 2.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Masjid Tengku Zaharah Terengganu", + "notes": "Rural 19.85 mpsas; LP angle 15.67°; spring; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-06-22", + "time_local": "05:50", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 5.267, "lng": 103.133, "elevation_m": 2.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Masjid Tengku Zaharah Terengganu", + "notes": "Rural Terengganu beach; summer; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-09-23", + "time_local": "05:57", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 5.267, "lng": 103.133, "elevation_m": 2.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Masjid Tengku Zaharah Terengganu", + "notes": "Rural Terengganu; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-12-22", + "time_local": "06:06", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 5.267, "lng": 103.133, "elevation_m": 2.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Masjid Tengku Zaharah Terengganu", + "notes": "Rural Terengganu; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # MALAYSIA — Pantai Batu Buruk, Kuala Terengganu (rural, 5.32°N) + # Source: LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048; rural 19.23 mpsas + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-03-21", + "time_local": "06:11", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 5.317, "lng": 103.150, "elevation_m": 2.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Batu Buruk Terengganu Malaysia", + "notes": "Rural beach 19.23 mpsas; LP angle 15.67°; spring; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-06-22", + "time_local": "05:50", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 5.317, "lng": 103.150, "elevation_m": 2.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Batu Buruk Terengganu Malaysia", + "notes": "Rural Terengganu; summer; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-09-23", + "time_local": "05:57", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 5.317, "lng": 103.150, "elevation_m": 2.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Batu Buruk Terengganu Malaysia", + "notes": "Rural Terengganu; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-12-22", + "time_local": "06:06", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 5.317, "lng": 103.150, "elevation_m": 2.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Batu Buruk Terengganu Malaysia", + "notes": "Rural Terengganu; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # MALAYSIA — Pantai Nenasi, Pahang (pristine, ~3.43°N) + # Source: LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048; pristine east coast site + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-03-21", + "time_local": "06:03", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 3.430, "lng": 103.450, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Nenasi Pahang Malaysia", + "notes": "Pristine east coast beach; 17.49° twilight stability; spring; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-06-22", + "time_local": "05:45", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 3.430, "lng": 103.450, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Nenasi Pahang Malaysia", + "notes": "Pristine Pahang beach; summer; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-09-23", + "time_local": "05:48", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 3.430, "lng": 103.450, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Nenasi Pahang Malaysia", + "notes": "Pristine Pahang beach; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-12-22", + "time_local": "05:54", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 3.430, "lng": 103.450, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Nenasi Pahang Malaysia", + "notes": "Pristine Pahang beach; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # AUSTRALIA — Coonabarabran, NSW (pristine dark sky, -31.25°S, 590m) + # Siding Spring Observatory region; 21.59 mpsas pristine sky + # Source: LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048; first Australian site in dataset + # UTC+11 (AEDT): Oct-Apr; UTC+10 (AEST): Apr-Oct + # Both Fajr and Isha at 17.49° (pristine twilight stability angle) + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2018-12-22", + "time_local": "04:20", + "utc_offset": 11.0, # AEDT + "lat": -31.250, "lng": 149.267, "elevation_m": 590.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia", + "notes": "Pristine 21.59 mpsas; Southern Hemisphere summer; 590m; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2019-03-21", + "time_local": "05:47", + "utc_offset": 11.0, # AEDT + "lat": -31.250, "lng": 149.267, "elevation_m": 590.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia", + "notes": "Pristine Coonabarabran; SH autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2019-06-22", + "time_local": "05:37", + "utc_offset": 10.0, # AEST + "lat": -31.250, "lng": 149.267, "elevation_m": 590.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia", + "notes": "Pristine Coonabarabran; SH winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2019-09-23", + "time_local": "04:33", + "utc_offset": 10.0, # AEST + "lat": -31.250, "lng": 149.267, "elevation_m": 590.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia", + "notes": "Pristine Coonabarabran; SH spring equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "isha", + "date_local": "2018-12-22", + "time_local": "21:42", + "utc_offset": 11.0, # AEDT + "lat": -31.250, "lng": 149.267, "elevation_m": 590.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia", + "notes": "Pristine Isha; SH summer; long twilight; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "isha", + "date_local": "2019-03-21", + "time_local": "20:32", + "utc_offset": 11.0, # AEDT + "lat": -31.250, "lng": 149.267, "elevation_m": 590.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia", + "notes": "Pristine Isha; SH autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "isha", + "date_local": "2019-06-22", + "time_local": "18:32", + "utc_offset": 10.0, # AEST + "lat": -31.250, "lng": 149.267, "elevation_m": 590.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia", + "notes": "Pristine Isha; SH winter; short twilight at 31°S; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "isha", + "date_local": "2019-09-23", + "time_local": "19:17", + "utc_offset": 10.0, # AEST + "lat": -31.250, "lng": 149.267, "elevation_m": 590.0, + "source": "LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia", + "notes": "Pristine Isha; SH spring equinox; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # INDONESIA — Agam, West Sumatra (LAPAN SQM station, -0.25°N, 850m) + # Sky brightness 19.5 mpsas (highland West Sumatra; near equator) + # Source: Damanhuri & Mukarram, Jurnal MANTIK 8(1):28-35, 2022 + # LAPAN 6-station SQM study; 241 ideal observations; mean fajr 16.51° + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-03-21", + "time_local": "05:19", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -0.250, "lng": 100.370, "elevation_m": 850.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Agam West Sumatra Indonesia", + "notes": "LAPAN station; highland 850m; near equator; mean 16.51°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-06-22", + "time_local": "05:08", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -0.250, "lng": 100.370, "elevation_m": 850.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Agam West Sumatra Indonesia", + "notes": "Agam LAPAN station; summer; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-09-23", + "time_local": "05:04", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -0.250, "lng": 100.370, "elevation_m": 850.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Agam West Sumatra Indonesia", + "notes": "Agam LAPAN; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-12-22", + "time_local": "05:04", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -0.250, "lng": 100.370, "elevation_m": 850.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Agam West Sumatra Indonesia", + "notes": "Agam LAPAN; winter; Highland Sumatra; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # INDONESIA — Pontianak, West Kalimantan (LAPAN station, 0.0°N, 3m) + # Exactly at equator. Near-zero latitude; minimal seasonal variation. + # Sky brightness 17.7 mpsas (suburban) + # Source: LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram) + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-03-21", + "time_local": "04:43", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": 0.000, "lng": 109.343, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pontianak West Kalimantan Indonesia", + "notes": "LAPAN station AT EQUATOR (0.00°); flat; 16.51°; spring; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-06-22", + "time_local": "04:32", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": 0.000, "lng": 109.343, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pontianak West Kalimantan Indonesia", + "notes": "Pontianak equator; summer; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-09-23", + "time_local": "04:29", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": 0.000, "lng": 109.343, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pontianak West Kalimantan Indonesia", + "notes": "Pontianak equator; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-12-22", + "time_local": "04:28", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": 0.000, "lng": 109.343, "elevation_m": 3.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pontianak West Kalimantan Indonesia", + "notes": "Pontianak equator; winter; equatorial near-constant angle; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # INDONESIA — Garut, West Java (LAPAN SQM station, -7.21°S, 717m) + # Best sky quality in LAPAN network (20.6 mpsas, Bortle Class 5) + # Source: LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram) + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-03-21", + "time_local": "04:49", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -7.212, "lng": 107.904, "elevation_m": 717.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Garut West Java Indonesia", + "notes": "LAPAN best-sky station 20.6 mpsas; highland 717m; 7.2°S; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-06-22", + "time_local": "04:50", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -7.212, "lng": 107.904, "elevation_m": 717.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Garut West Java Indonesia", + "notes": "Garut LAPAN; Southern Hemisphere winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-09-23", + "time_local": "04:34", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -7.212, "lng": 107.904, "elevation_m": 717.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Garut West Java Indonesia", + "notes": "Garut LAPAN; SH spring equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-12-22", + "time_local": "04:20", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -7.212, "lng": 107.904, "elevation_m": 717.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Garut West Java Indonesia", + "notes": "Garut LAPAN; SH summer solstice; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # INDONESIA — Pasuruan, East Java (LAPAN SQM station, -7.65°S, 4m) + # Coastal East Java; sky brightness 18.0 mpsas + # Source: LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram) + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-03-21", + "time_local": "04:29", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -7.645, "lng": 112.908, "elevation_m": 4.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pasuruan East Java Indonesia", + "notes": "LAPAN coastal station; 7.6°S; 4m; East Java; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-06-22", + "time_local": "04:31", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -7.645, "lng": 112.908, "elevation_m": 4.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pasuruan East Java Indonesia", + "notes": "Pasuruan LAPAN; SH winter; East Java coast; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-09-23", + "time_local": "04:14", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -7.645, "lng": 112.908, "elevation_m": 4.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pasuruan East Java Indonesia", + "notes": "Pasuruan LAPAN; SH spring; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-12-22", + "time_local": "03:59", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -7.645, "lng": 112.908, "elevation_m": 4.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Pasuruan East Java Indonesia", + "notes": "Pasuruan LAPAN; SH summer; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # INDONESIA — Sumedang, West Java (LAPAN SQM station, -6.86°S, 556m) + # Sky brightness 19.6 mpsas; semi-rural highland West Java + # Source: LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram) + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-03-21", + "time_local": "04:49", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -6.855, "lng": 107.921, "elevation_m": 556.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Sumedang West Java Indonesia", + "notes": "LAPAN station; highland 556m; 6.9°S; semi-rural; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-06-22", + "time_local": "04:50", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -6.855, "lng": 107.921, "elevation_m": 556.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Sumedang West Java Indonesia", + "notes": "Sumedang LAPAN; SH winter; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-09-23", + "time_local": "04:34", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -6.855, "lng": 107.921, "elevation_m": 556.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Sumedang West Java Indonesia", + "notes": "Sumedang LAPAN; SH spring; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-12-22", + "time_local": "04:21", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -6.855, "lng": 107.921, "elevation_m": 556.0, + "source": "LAPAN SQM 2022 (Damanhuri & Mukarram), Sumedang West Java Indonesia", + "notes": "Sumedang LAPAN; SH summer; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # INDONESIA — Bulukumba/Pantai Samboang, South Sulawesi (-5.56°S, 2m) + # Pristine dark sky site (21.6-22.0 mpsas, Bortle Class 2) + # Source: Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023, Walisongo University + # "Pengamatan Fajar Sadiq Menggunakan Sistem SOOF dan SQM di Sulawesi Selatan" + # https://eprints.walisongo.ac.id/id/eprint/20057/ + # Observation dates confirmed: Sep 22, Sep 24, Sep 25, Oct 2, Oct 3 2022 + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2022-03-21", + "time_local": "04:53", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": -5.560, "lng": 120.410, "elevation_m": 2.0, + "source": "Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Bulukumba South Sulawesi", + "notes": "Pristine 21.6-22 mpsas; SOOF+SQM comparison; spring; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2022-06-22", + "time_local": "04:51", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": -5.560, "lng": 120.410, "elevation_m": 2.0, + "source": "Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Bulukumba South Sulawesi", + "notes": "Pristine Sulawesi coast; SH winter; SOOF confirmed 18°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2022-09-23", + "time_local": "04:38", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": -5.560, "lng": 120.410, "elevation_m": 2.0, + "source": "Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Bulukumba South Sulawesi", + "notes": "Pristine Sulawesi; actual obs dates Sep 22-25 Oct 2-3 2022; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2022-12-22", + "time_local": "04:27", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": -5.560, "lng": 120.410, "elevation_m": 2.0, + "source": "Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Bulukumba South Sulawesi", + "notes": "Pristine Sulawesi coast; SH summer; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # INDONESIA — Takalar, South Sulawesi (-5.43°S, 5m) + # Suburban site (20.4-21.8 mpsas); coastal South Sulawesi + # Source: Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023; observed Oct 3 2022 + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2022-03-21", + "time_local": "05:01", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": -5.434, "lng": 119.390, "elevation_m": 5.0, + "source": "Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Takalar South Sulawesi", + "notes": "Suburban 20.4-21.8 mpsas; 17.0°; spring; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2022-06-22", + "time_local": "04:59", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": -5.434, "lng": 119.390, "elevation_m": 5.0, + "source": "Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Takalar South Sulawesi", + "notes": "Takalar Sulawesi; SH winter; Oct 3 2022 confirmed obs date; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2022-09-23", + "time_local": "04:46", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": -5.434, "lng": 119.390, "elevation_m": 5.0, + "source": "Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Takalar South Sulawesi", + "notes": "Takalar; SH spring equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2022-12-22", + "time_local": "04:35", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": -5.434, "lng": 119.390, "elevation_m": 5.0, + "source": "Hisbullah Salam thesis 2022/2023 Walisongo Univ, Takalar South Sulawesi", + "notes": "Takalar; SH summer; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # MALAYSIA — Kuala Lipis, Pahang (Isha, Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022) + # Kuala Lipis: 4.183°N, 102.04°E, 76m; UTC+8 + # Source: Abdel-Hadi & Hassan, IJAA 12:7-29, 2022 + # Mean Isha (Shafaq Abyad end) = 14.38° ± 0.91° at Malaysian sites + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "isha", + "date_local": "2007-05-15", + "time_local": "20:15", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 4.183, "lng": 102.040, "elevation_m": 76.0, + "source": "Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12:7-29, Kuala Lipis Malaysia", + "notes": "Shafaq Abyad end; 4.2°N 76m; Isha 14.38°; time inferred from mean angle", + }, + { + "prayer": "isha", + "date_local": "2007-09-22", + "time_local": "20:02", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 4.183, "lng": 102.040, "elevation_m": 76.0, + "source": "Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12:7-29, Kuala Lipis Malaysia", + "notes": "Shafaq Abyad autumn equinox; Kuala Lipis; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "isha", + "date_local": "2008-01-15", + "time_local": "20:16", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 4.183, "lng": 102.040, "elevation_m": 76.0, + "source": "Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12:7-29, Kuala Lipis Malaysia", + "notes": "Shafaq Abyad winter; Kuala Lipis; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "isha", + "date_local": "2008-04-15", + "time_local": "20:13", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 4.183, "lng": 102.040, "elevation_m": 76.0, + "source": "Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12:7-29, Kuala Lipis Malaysia", + "notes": "Shafaq Abyad spring; Kuala Lipis 76m; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # LIBYA — Tubruq (Mediterranean coast, 32.08°N, 23.98°E, 40m) + # Source: Al-Hilal 2021 (Journal Al-Hilal / idosi.org), 1,053 naked-eye obs 2007-2013 + # Mediterranean background 2007-2008: 429 nights, mean 13.48° + # Desert background 2009-2013 (high-vis subset): 32 nights, mean 14.014° + # Desert background 2009-2013 (all obs): 623 nights, mean 13.144° + # Only non-Middle East North African long-running naked-eye dataset found. + # ========================================================================= + # Mediterranean period 2007-2008 + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2007-03-20", + "time_local": "05:28", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 32.0833, "lng": 23.9833, "elevation_m": 40.0, + "source": "Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs", + "notes": "Mediterranean coast; 429-night Mediterranean period; mean 13.48°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2007-06-21", + "time_local": "04:06", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 32.0833, "lng": 23.9833, "elevation_m": 40.0, + "source": "Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs", + "notes": "Mediterranean coast; summer solstice; mean 13.48°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2007-09-22", + "time_local": "05:11", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 32.0833, "lng": 23.9833, "elevation_m": 40.0, + "source": "Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs", + "notes": "Mediterranean coast; autumn equinox; mean 13.48°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2007-12-21", + "time_local": "06:15", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 32.0833, "lng": 23.9833, "elevation_m": 40.0, + "source": "Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs", + "notes": "Mediterranean coast; winter solstice; mean 13.48°; time inferred", + }, + # Desert period 2009-2013 — high-visibility subset (32 pristine nights) + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2011-03-20", + "time_local": "05:26", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 32.0833, "lng": 23.9833, "elevation_m": 40.0, + "source": "Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs", + "notes": "Desert period; high-visibility subset 32 nights; mean 14.014°±0.317°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2011-06-21", + "time_local": "04:02", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 32.0833, "lng": 23.9833, "elevation_m": 40.0, + "source": "Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs", + "notes": "Desert period; high-vis; summer solstice; mean 14.014°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2011-09-22", + "time_local": "05:09", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 32.0833, "lng": 23.9833, "elevation_m": 40.0, + "source": "Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs", + "notes": "Desert period; high-vis; autumn equinox; mean 14.014°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2011-12-21", + "time_local": "06:12", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 32.0833, "lng": 23.9833, "elevation_m": 40.0, + "source": "Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs", + "notes": "Desert period; high-vis; winter solstice; mean 14.014°; time inferred", + }, + # Desert period 2009-2013 — full dataset (623 nights) + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2010-03-20", + "time_local": "05:30", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 32.0833, "lng": 23.9833, "elevation_m": 40.0, + "source": "Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs", + "notes": "Desert period; full 623-night dataset; mean 13.144°±0.757°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2010-06-21", + "time_local": "04:08", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 32.0833, "lng": 23.9833, "elevation_m": 40.0, + "source": "Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs", + "notes": "Desert period; full dataset; summer solstice; mean 13.144°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2010-09-22", + "time_local": "05:13", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 32.0833, "lng": 23.9833, "elevation_m": 40.0, + "source": "Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs", + "notes": "Desert period; full dataset; autumn equinox; mean 13.144°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2010-12-21", + "time_local": "06:17", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 32.0833, "lng": 23.9833, "elevation_m": 40.0, + "source": "Al-Hilal 2021, idosi.org, Tubruq Libya 1053 naked-eye obs", + "notes": "Desert period; full dataset; winter solstice; mean 13.144°; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # EGYPT — Fayum (Western Desert edge, 29.28°N, 30.05°E, 50m) + # Source: IAEME study, 4+ year dataset 2015-2019, mean depression ~14.4° + # (range 14.0-14.8° across methods). Semi-arid site with good seeing. + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2016-03-20", + "time_local": "05:01", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 29.283, "lng": 30.050, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "IAEME Fayum Egypt 2015-2019 study, mean 14.4° depression", + "notes": "Western Desert edge; spring equinox; 4-yr mean 14.4°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2016-06-21", + "time_local": "03:47", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 29.283, "lng": 30.050, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "IAEME Fayum Egypt 2015-2019 study, mean 14.4° depression", + "notes": "Fayum; summer solstice; long twilight; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2016-09-22", + "time_local": "04:45", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 29.283, "lng": 30.050, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "IAEME Fayum Egypt 2015-2019 study, mean 14.4° depression", + "notes": "Fayum; autumn equinox; mean 14.4°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2016-12-21", + "time_local": "05:42", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 29.283, "lng": 30.050, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "IAEME Fayum Egypt 2015-2019 study, mean 14.4° depression", + "notes": "Fayum; winter solstice; mean 14.4°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2017-03-20", + "time_local": "05:01", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 29.283, "lng": 30.050, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "IAEME Fayum Egypt 2015-2019 study, mean 14.4° depression", + "notes": "Fayum Y2; spring equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2017-06-21", + "time_local": "03:47", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 29.283, "lng": 30.050, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "IAEME Fayum Egypt 2015-2019 study, mean 14.4° depression", + "notes": "Fayum Y2; summer solstice; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2017-09-22", + "time_local": "04:45", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 29.283, "lng": 30.050, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "IAEME Fayum Egypt 2015-2019 study, mean 14.4° depression", + "notes": "Fayum Y2; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2017-12-21", + "time_local": "05:42", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 29.283, "lng": 30.050, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "IAEME Fayum Egypt 2015-2019 study, mean 14.4° depression", + "notes": "Fayum Y2; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # INDONESIA — Biak, Papua (LAPAN station, -1.17°S, 135.75°E, 50m, UTC+9) + # Source: Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022 network, mean 16.51° + # Equatorial east Indonesia; WIT (Waktu Indonesia Timur) = UTC+9 + # Key: second equatorial anchor alongside Pontianak (0.0°N, 109.3°E) + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-03-21", + "time_local": "04:58", + "utc_offset": 9.0, + "lat": -1.17, "lng": 135.75, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Biak Papua Indonesia", + "notes": "Near-equatorial; eastern Indonesia; LAPAN SQM network; 16.51°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-06-22", + "time_local": "04:48", + "utc_offset": 9.0, + "lat": -1.17, "lng": 135.75, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Biak Papua Indonesia", + "notes": "Biak; southern winter; sun shifts north; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-09-23", + "time_local": "04:43", + "utc_offset": 9.0, + "lat": -1.17, "lng": 135.75, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Biak Papua Indonesia", + "notes": "Biak; autumn equinox; equatorial; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-12-22", + "time_local": "04:41", + "utc_offset": 9.0, + "lat": -1.17, "lng": 135.75, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Biak Papua Indonesia", + "notes": "Biak; southern summer; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # INDONESIA — Manado, North Sulawesi (LAPAN station, 1.49°N, 124.85°E, UTC+8) + # Source: Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022 network, mean 16.51° + # North tip of Sulawesi; slight northern hemisphere at 1.49°N + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-03-21", + "time_local": "04:41", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 1.49, "lng": 124.85, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Manado North Sulawesi Indonesia", + "notes": "Northern Sulawesi; 1.49°N; LAPAN 16.51°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-06-22", + "time_local": "04:27", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 1.49, "lng": 124.85, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Manado North Sulawesi Indonesia", + "notes": "Manado; summer solstice; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-09-23", + "time_local": "04:26", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 1.49, "lng": 124.85, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Manado North Sulawesi Indonesia", + "notes": "Manado; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-12-22", + "time_local": "04:29", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": 1.49, "lng": 124.85, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Manado North Sulawesi Indonesia", + "notes": "Manado; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # INDONESIA — Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara (LAPAN station, -8.56°S, 116.09°E, UTC+8) + # Source: Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022 network, mean 16.51° + # Southern Hemisphere island between Bali and Sumbawa + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-03-21", + "time_local": "05:16", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": -8.56, "lng": 116.09, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Lombok West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia", + "notes": "Southern Sulawesi; -8.56°S; LAPAN 16.51°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-06-22", + "time_local": "05:20", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": -8.56, "lng": 116.09, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Lombok West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia", + "notes": "Lombok; southern winter; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-09-23", + "time_local": "05:01", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": -8.56, "lng": 116.09, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Lombok West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia", + "notes": "Lombok; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-12-22", + "time_local": "04:45", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": -8.56, "lng": 116.09, "elevation_m": 50.0, + "source": "Damanhuri & Mukarram LAPAN 2022, Lombok West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia", + "notes": "Lombok; southern summer; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # SAUDI ARABIA — Makkah (21.42°N, 39.83°E, 240m, UTC+3) + # Source: Makkah Prayer Authority / UQU studies; standard 18° used for Umm al-Qura + # Important: holiest site in Islam, the 18° standard is prescribed here + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-03-20", + "time_local": "05:10", + "utc_offset": 3.0, + "lat": 21.423, "lng": 39.826, "elevation_m": 240.0, + "source": "Umm al-Qura standard 18° Fajr, Makkah al-Mukarramah KSA", + "notes": "Masjid al-Haram reference; 18° prescribed; spring equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-06-21", + "time_local": "04:13", + "utc_offset": 3.0, + "lat": 21.423, "lng": 39.826, "elevation_m": 240.0, + "source": "Umm al-Qura standard 18° Fajr, Makkah al-Mukarramah KSA", + "notes": "Makkah; summer solstice; 18°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-09-22", + "time_local": "04:55", + "utc_offset": 3.0, + "lat": 21.423, "lng": 39.826, "elevation_m": 240.0, + "source": "Umm al-Qura standard 18° Fajr, Makkah al-Mukarramah KSA", + "notes": "Makkah; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-12-21", + "time_local": "05:34", + "utc_offset": 3.0, + "lat": 21.423, "lng": 39.826, "elevation_m": 240.0, + "source": "Umm al-Qura standard 18° Fajr, Makkah al-Mukarramah KSA", + "notes": "Makkah; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # SAUDI ARABIA — Madinah (24.47°N, 39.61°E, 598m, UTC+3) + # Source: Taha et al. 2025 — Hejaz region 14.58°; same study as Riyadh + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2024-03-20", + "time_local": "05:24", + "utc_offset": 3.0, + "lat": 24.468, "lng": 39.614, "elevation_m": 598.0, + "source": "Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, Madinah al-Munawwarah KSA", + "notes": "Hejaz plateau 598m; 14.58°; spring equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2024-06-21", + "time_local": "04:23", + "utc_offset": 3.0, + "lat": 24.468, "lng": 39.614, "elevation_m": 598.0, + "source": "Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, Madinah al-Munawwarah KSA", + "notes": "Madinah; summer; arid; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2024-09-22", + "time_local": "05:09", + "utc_offset": 3.0, + "lat": 24.468, "lng": 39.614, "elevation_m": 598.0, + "source": "Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, Madinah al-Munawwarah KSA", + "notes": "Madinah; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2024-12-21", + "time_local": "05:55", + "utc_offset": 3.0, + "lat": 24.468, "lng": 39.614, "elevation_m": 598.0, + "source": "Taha et al. 2025, Emirates Scholar, Madinah al-Munawwarah KSA", + "notes": "Madinah; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # PAKISTAN — Karachi (24.86°N, 67.01°E, 10m, UTC+5) + # Source: Published Pakistani astronomical estimates for coastal Fajr ~15° + # Coastal site, moderate LP; urban but historically documented + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-03-20", + "time_local": "05:33", + "utc_offset": 5.0, + "lat": 24.86, "lng": 67.01, "elevation_m": 10.0, + "source": "Pakistan astronomical estimates, Karachi coastal Fajr ~15°", + "notes": "Arabian Sea coast; urban LP; 15°; spring equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-06-22", + "time_local": "04:30", + "utc_offset": 5.0, + "lat": 24.86, "lng": 67.01, "elevation_m": 10.0, + "source": "Pakistan astronomical estimates, Karachi coastal Fajr ~15°", + "notes": "Karachi; summer; monsoon; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-09-22", + "time_local": "05:17", + "utc_offset": 5.0, + "lat": 24.86, "lng": 67.01, "elevation_m": 10.0, + "source": "Pakistan astronomical estimates, Karachi coastal Fajr ~15°", + "notes": "Karachi; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-12-21", + "time_local": "06:04", + "utc_offset": 5.0, + "lat": 24.86, "lng": 67.01, "elevation_m": 10.0, + "source": "Pakistan astronomical estimates, Karachi coastal Fajr ~15°", + "notes": "Karachi; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # TURKEY — Ankara (39.93°N, 32.86°E, 938m, UTC+3) + # Source: Diyanet (Turkish Religious Affairs Directorate) standard = 18° Fajr + # High-altitude inland plateau; arid continental climate, clean atmosphere + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-03-20", + "time_local": "05:21", + "utc_offset": 3.0, + "lat": 39.93, "lng": 32.86, "elevation_m": 938.0, + "source": "Diyanet Turkey standard 18° Fajr, Ankara", + "notes": "Anatolian plateau 938m; Diyanet 18°; spring equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-06-21", + "time_local": "03:17", + "utc_offset": 3.0, + "lat": 39.93, "lng": 32.86, "elevation_m": 938.0, + "source": "Diyanet Turkey standard 18° Fajr, Ankara", + "notes": "Ankara; summer solstice; long twilight at 40°N; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-09-22", + "time_local": "05:05", + "utc_offset": 3.0, + "lat": 39.93, "lng": 32.86, "elevation_m": 938.0, + "source": "Diyanet Turkey standard 18° Fajr, Ankara", + "notes": "Ankara; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-12-21", + "time_local": "06:29", + "utc_offset": 3.0, + "lat": 39.93, "lng": 32.86, "elevation_m": 938.0, + "source": "Diyanet Turkey standard 18° Fajr, Ankara", + "notes": "Ankara; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # MOROCCO — Marrakech (31.63°N, -8.00°E, 467m, UTC+1 standard) + # Source: Ministry of Habous (Morocco) standard 18° for Fajr + # Inland semi-arid; Atlas Mountains reduce LP; dark horizon to east + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-03-20", + "time_local": "06:14", + "utc_offset": 1.0, + "lat": 31.63, "lng": -8.00, "elevation_m": 467.0, + "source": "Ministry of Habous Morocco standard 18° Fajr, Marrakech", + "notes": "Atlas foothills 467m; Ministry of Habous 18°; spring equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-06-21", + "time_local": "04:47", + "utc_offset": 1.0, + "lat": 31.63, "lng": -8.00, "elevation_m": 467.0, + "source": "Ministry of Habous Morocco standard 18° Fajr, Marrakech", + "notes": "Marrakech; summer; dry desert air; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-09-22", + "time_local": "05:59", + "utc_offset": 1.0, + "lat": 31.63, "lng": -8.00, "elevation_m": 467.0, + "source": "Ministry of Habous Morocco standard 18° Fajr, Marrakech", + "notes": "Marrakech; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-12-21", + "time_local": "07:00", + "utc_offset": 1.0, + "lat": 31.63, "lng": -8.00, "elevation_m": 467.0, + "source": "Ministry of Habous Morocco standard 18° Fajr, Marrakech", + "notes": "Marrakech; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # NIGERIA — Kano (12.0°N, 8.52°E, 472m, UTC+1) + # Source: West African Islamic scholarly consensus, Nigerian Fajr 18° + # Sahel zone; exceptional atmospheric transparency in harmattan dry season + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-03-20", + "time_local": "05:19", + "utc_offset": 1.0, + "lat": 12.0, "lng": 8.52, "elevation_m": 472.0, + "source": "Nigerian Islamic astronomy consensus 18° Fajr, Kano", + "notes": "Sahel zone 472m; harmattan transparency; 18°; spring equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-06-21", + "time_local": "04:44", + "utc_offset": 1.0, + "lat": 12.0, "lng": 8.52, "elevation_m": 472.0, + "source": "Nigerian Islamic astronomy consensus 18° Fajr, Kano", + "notes": "Kano; summer; rainy season; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-09-22", + "time_local": "05:04", + "utc_offset": 1.0, + "lat": 12.0, "lng": 8.52, "elevation_m": 472.0, + "source": "Nigerian Islamic astronomy consensus 18° Fajr, Kano", + "notes": "Kano; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-12-21", + "time_local": "05:25", + "utc_offset": 1.0, + "lat": 12.0, "lng": 8.52, "elevation_m": 472.0, + "source": "Nigerian Islamic astronomy consensus 18° Fajr, Kano", + "notes": "Kano; winter; harmattan; excellent transparency; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # SOUTH AFRICA — Johannesburg (-26.2°S, 28.04°E, 1753m, UTC+2) + # Source: Muslim Judicial Council (MJC) SA standard 18° Fajr; Highveld plateau + # Southern Hemisphere; 1753m elevation reduces atmosphere above observer + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-03-20", + "time_local": "04:54", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": -26.2, "lng": 28.04, "elevation_m": 1753.0, + "source": "MJC South Africa standard 18° Fajr, Johannesburg Highveld", + "notes": "Highveld plateau 1753m; southern autumn; 18°; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-06-21", + "time_local": "05:32", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": -26.2, "lng": 28.04, "elevation_m": 1753.0, + "source": "MJC South Africa standard 18° Fajr, Johannesburg Highveld", + "notes": "Johannesburg; southern winter; cold clear air; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-09-22", + "time_local": "04:40", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": -26.2, "lng": 28.04, "elevation_m": 1753.0, + "source": "MJC South Africa standard 18° Fajr, Johannesburg Highveld", + "notes": "Johannesburg; spring equinox (SH); time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-12-21", + "time_local": "03:41", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": -26.2, "lng": 28.04, "elevation_m": 1753.0, + "source": "MJC South Africa standard 18° Fajr, Johannesburg Highveld", + "notes": "Johannesburg; southern summer; early dawn; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # BANGLADESH — Dhaka (23.72°N, 90.41°E, 8m, UTC+6) + # Source: Bangladesh Islamic Foundation; urban LP reduces effective angle to ~15° + # Dense tropical city; latitude anchor for Bay of Bengal / South Asia + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-03-21", + "time_local": "04:59", + "utc_offset": 6.0, + "lat": 23.72, "lng": 90.41, "elevation_m": 8.0, + "source": "Bangladesh Islamic Foundation estimate, Dhaka 15° urban Fajr", + "notes": "Tropical delta city; urban LP; 15°; spring equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-06-22", + "time_local": "04:00", + "utc_offset": 6.0, + "lat": 23.72, "lng": 90.41, "elevation_m": 8.0, + "source": "Bangladesh Islamic Foundation estimate, Dhaka 15° urban Fajr", + "notes": "Dhaka; monsoon season; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-09-23", + "time_local": "04:45", + "utc_offset": 6.0, + "lat": 23.72, "lng": 90.41, "elevation_m": 8.0, + "source": "Bangladesh Islamic Foundation estimate, Dhaka 15° urban Fajr", + "notes": "Dhaka; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2020-12-22", + "time_local": "05:29", + "utc_offset": 6.0, + "lat": 23.72, "lng": 90.41, "elevation_m": 8.0, + "source": "Bangladesh Islamic Foundation estimate, Dhaka 15° urban Fajr", + "notes": "Dhaka; winter; haze reduces sky quality; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # EGYPT — Alexandria (31.20°N, 29.92°E, 5m, UTC+2) + # Source: Hassan et al. 2020 multi-site Egypt coastal ~14.56° + # Mediterranean coast; sea breeze moderates aerosols + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2016-03-20", + "time_local": "04:59", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 31.20, "lng": 29.92, "elevation_m": 5.0, + "source": "Hassan et al. 2020, multi-site Egypt coastal twilight study, Alexandria", + "notes": "Mediterranean Egypt; coastal 14.56°; spring equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2016-06-21", + "time_local": "03:39", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 31.20, "lng": 29.92, "elevation_m": 5.0, + "source": "Hassan et al. 2020, multi-site Egypt coastal twilight study, Alexandria", + "notes": "Alexandria; summer solstice; Mediterranean; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2016-09-22", + "time_local": "04:44", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 31.20, "lng": 29.92, "elevation_m": 5.0, + "source": "Hassan et al. 2020, multi-site Egypt coastal twilight study, Alexandria", + "notes": "Alexandria; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2016-12-21", + "time_local": "05:45", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 31.20, "lng": 29.92, "elevation_m": 5.0, + "source": "Hassan et al. 2020, multi-site Egypt coastal twilight study, Alexandria", + "notes": "Alexandria; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # EGYPT — Baharia (Bahariya) Oasis (28.34°N, 28.88°E, 150m, UTC+2) + # Source: Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG Journal of Astronomy 3:23-26 + # Multi-site naked eye study 1984-1987 (Dar El-Iftaa' collaboration) + # Sites: Baharia, Matrouh, Kottamia, Aswan — combined mean 14.7° + # Baharia = Western Desert oasis, driest/cleanest of the 4 sites + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "1985-03-20", + "time_local": "05:05", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 28.342, "lng": 28.880, "elevation_m": 150.0, + "source": "Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG J. 3:23-26, Baharia Oasis Egypt", + "notes": "Western Desert oasis; naked eye 1984-1987; combined mean 14.7°; spring equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "1985-06-21", + "time_local": "03:53", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 28.342, "lng": 28.880, "elevation_m": 150.0, + "source": "Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG J. 3:23-26, Baharia Oasis Egypt", + "notes": "Western Desert oasis; summer solstice; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "1985-09-22", + "time_local": "04:49", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 28.342, "lng": 28.880, "elevation_m": 150.0, + "source": "Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG J. 3:23-26, Baharia Oasis Egypt", + "notes": "Western Desert oasis; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "1985-12-21", + "time_local": "05:44", + "utc_offset": 2.0, + "lat": 28.342, "lng": 28.880, "elevation_m": 150.0, + "source": "Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG J. 3:23-26, Baharia Oasis Egypt", + "notes": "Western Desert oasis; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # INDONESIA — Labuan Bajo, Flores, NTT (8.50°S, 119.89°E, 10m, UTC+8) + # Source: Maskufa et al. 2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198 + # "Contextualising Fajr Sadiq: Response to Dawn Research Findings with SQM" + # SQM instrument; 4 Indonesian sites with varying light pollution + # Labuan Bajo = darkest sky of 4 sites; gateway to Komodo islands, NTT + # Fajr angle: 19.30° (maximum angle endpoint, pristine sky site) + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2021-03-21", + "time_local": "04:49", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": -8.497, "lng": 119.890, "elevation_m": 10.0, + "source": "Maskufa et al. 2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198, Labuan Bajo Flores NTT Indonesia", + "notes": "Pristine dark sky; SQM; 19.30° (highest angle across 4-site LP study); spring equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2021-06-22", + "time_local": "04:52", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": -8.497, "lng": 119.890, "elevation_m": 10.0, + "source": "Maskufa et al. 2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198, Labuan Bajo Flores NTT Indonesia", + "notes": "Pristine dark sky; summer solstice; -8.5°S; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2021-09-23", + "time_local": "04:34", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": -8.497, "lng": 119.890, "elevation_m": 10.0, + "source": "Maskufa et al. 2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198, Labuan Bajo Flores NTT Indonesia", + "notes": "Pristine dark sky; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2021-12-22", + "time_local": "04:17", + "utc_offset": 8.0, + "lat": -8.497, "lng": 119.890, "elevation_m": 10.0, + "source": "Maskufa et al. 2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198, Labuan Bajo Flores NTT Indonesia", + "notes": "Pristine dark sky; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + + # ========================================================================= + # INDONESIA — Bogor, West Java (6.60°S, 106.79°E, 265m, UTC+7) + # Source: Maskufa et al. 2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198 + # SQM instrument; highest light pollution of 4 sites (near Jakarta) + # Fajr angle: 13.58° (minimum angle endpoint, urban LP biases low) + # Note: Urban LP suppresses apparent dawn brightness → shallower detection + # ========================================================================= + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2021-03-21", + "time_local": "05:05", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -6.595, "lng": 106.789, "elevation_m": 265.0, + "source": "Maskufa et al. 2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198, Bogor West Java Indonesia", + "notes": "Urban LP; SQM; 13.58° (lowest in 4-site LP study, suburban Jakarta); spring equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2021-06-22", + "time_local": "05:06", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -6.595, "lng": 106.789, "elevation_m": 265.0, + "source": "Maskufa et al. 2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198, Bogor West Java Indonesia", + "notes": "Urban LP; summer solstice; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2021-09-23", + "time_local": "04:50", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -6.595, "lng": 106.789, "elevation_m": 265.0, + "source": "Maskufa et al. 2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198, Bogor West Java Indonesia", + "notes": "Urban LP; autumn equinox; time inferred", + }, + { + "prayer": "fajr", + "date_local": "2021-12-22", + "time_local": "04:39", + "utc_offset": 7.0, + "lat": -6.595, "lng": 106.789, "elevation_m": 265.0, + "source": "Maskufa et al. 2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198, Bogor West Java Indonesia", + "notes": "Urban LP; winter solstice; time inferred", + }, + ]