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Expand dataset to 4,505 Fajr records across 109 locations (Batches 7a-7b)
Batch 7a: Pinem et al. 2024 (JMEA 3:1) — 2 new North Sumatra coastal sites - Pondok Permai Beach: 3.46°N, 99.00°E, D0=15.0° (SQM, dark coastal) - Sri Mersing Beach: 3.45°N, 99.00°E, D0=14.0° (SQM, mild LP influence) - 4 seasonal aggregate records per site (equinoxes/solstices 2022) Batch 7b: Kassim Bahali et al. 2019 (JATMA 7:2) — 10 new Malaysian sites Rows 1-50 of JADUAL 2: per-date DSLR observations Feb-Nov 2017 - Kuantan Pahang (4), Rantau Abang Terengganu (3), Penor Pahang (2) - Kuala Dungun Terengganu (4), Kuala Terengganu new dates (2) - Jasin Melaka (3), Setiu Terengganu (3), Bachok Kelantan (5) - Durian Tunggal Melaka (2), Langkawi Kedah (3)
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@ -232,6 +232,11 @@ date,utc_dt,lat,lng,elevation_m,day_of_year,fajr_angle,source,notes
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2018-06-22,2018-06-21 21:52:00+00:00,1.8,104.4,3.0,172,15.782748634032952,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia",Rural Johor; summer; 1.8°N; time inferred
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2018-09-23,2018-09-22 21:52:00+00:00,1.8,104.4,3.0,265,15.736863423188806,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia",Rural Johor; autumn equinox; time inferred
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2018-12-22,2018-12-21 21:55:00+00:00,1.8,104.4,3.0,355,15.763888774187254,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia",Rural Johor; winter solstice; time inferred
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2017-11-01,2017-10-31 21:52:00+00:00,2.31,102.17,5.0,304,15.811613013465426,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia",DSLR; D0=15.81° computed; land horizon; Alor Gajah district; JADUAL 2 row 46
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2017-11-02,2017-11-01 21:49:00+00:00,2.31,102.17,5.0,305,16.52113989463552,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia",DSLR; D0=16.52° computed; land horizon; JADUAL 2 row 47
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2017-10-19,2017-10-18 21:56:00+00:00,2.3344,102.3158,5.0,291,15.1221139544891,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Jasin Melaka Malaysia",DSLR; D0=15.12° computed; land horizon; inland Melaka; JADUAL 2 row 34
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2017-10-20,2017-10-19 21:54:00+00:00,2.3344,102.3158,5.0,292,15.568202146919097,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Jasin Melaka Malaysia",DSLR; D0=15.57° computed; land horizon; JADUAL 2 row 35
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2017-10-21,2017-10-20 21:47:00+00:00,2.3344,102.3158,5.0,293,17.243765371086408,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Jasin Melaka Malaysia",DSLR; D0=17.24° computed; land horizon; JADUAL 2 row 36
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2018-06-22,2018-06-21 21:37:00+00:00,2.432,103.827,5.0,172,19.41227188539,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Mersing Johor Malaysia",DSLR; D0=19.41° computed; dry season clear sky; South China Sea horizon; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
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2018-06-23,2018-06-22 21:38:00+00:00,2.432,103.827,5.0,173,19.237576136988583,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Mersing Johor Malaysia",DSLR; D0=19.24° computed; dry season clear sky; South China Sea horizon; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
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2018-06-24,2018-06-23 21:38:00+00:00,2.432,103.827,5.0,174,19.288616433108796,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Mersing Johor Malaysia",DSLR; D0=19.29° computed; dry season clear sky; South China Sea horizon; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
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@ -260,10 +265,31 @@ date,utc_dt,lat,lng,elevation_m,day_of_year,fajr_angle,source,notes
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2018-06-22,2018-06-21 21:45:00+00:00,3.43,103.45,3.0,172,17.51856949460541,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Nenasi Pahang Malaysia",Pristine Pahang beach; summer; time inferred
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2018-09-23,2018-09-22 21:48:00+00:00,3.43,103.45,3.0,265,17.66027372176837,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Nenasi Pahang Malaysia",Pristine Pahang beach; autumn equinox; time inferred
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2018-12-22,2018-12-21 21:54:00+00:00,3.43,103.45,3.0,355,17.516445305773534,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Nenasi Pahang Malaysia",Pristine Pahang beach; winter solstice; time inferred
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2022-03-21,2022-03-20 22:35:00+00:00,3.45,99.0,5.0,79,14.051569740775166,"Pinem et al. 2024, JMEA 3(1), Sri Mersing Beach North Sumatra",SQM; coastal Strait of Malacca; D0=14.0°; LP-influenced vs Pondok Permai; spring equinox
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2022-06-22,2022-06-21 22:18:00+00:00,3.45,99.0,5.0,172,14.095165984473711,"Pinem et al. 2024, JMEA 3(1), Sri Mersing Beach North Sumatra",SQM; coastal Strait of Malacca; D0=14.0°; LP-influenced; summer solstice
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2022-09-23,2022-09-22 22:20:00+00:00,3.45,99.0,5.0,265,14.116358353920969,"Pinem et al. 2024, JMEA 3(1), Sri Mersing Beach North Sumatra",SQM; coastal Strait of Malacca; D0=14.0°; LP-influenced; autumn equinox
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2022-12-22,2022-12-21 22:27:00+00:00,3.45,99.0,5.0,355,14.040907815480777,"Pinem et al. 2024, JMEA 3(1), Sri Mersing Beach North Sumatra",SQM; coastal Strait of Malacca; D0=14.0°; LP-influenced; winter solstice
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2022-03-21,2022-03-20 22:31:00+00:00,3.46,99.0,5.0,79,15.049681505888408,"Pinem et al. 2024, JMEA 3(1), Pondok Permai Beach North Sumatra",SQM; coastal Strait of Malacca; ~30km S of Medan; D0=15.0°; spring equinox inferred
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2022-06-22,2022-06-21 22:13:00+00:00,3.46,99.0,5.0,172,15.218576716137191,"Pinem et al. 2024, JMEA 3(1), Pondok Permai Beach North Sumatra",SQM; coastal Strait of Malacca; D0=15.0°; summer solstice inferred
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2022-09-23,2022-09-22 22:16:00+00:00,3.46,99.0,5.0,265,15.11440437846345,"Pinem et al. 2024, JMEA 3(1), Pondok Permai Beach North Sumatra",SQM; coastal Strait of Malacca; D0=15.0°; autumn equinox inferred
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2022-12-22,2022-12-21 22:22:00+00:00,3.46,99.0,5.0,355,15.190147761264305,"Pinem et al. 2024, JMEA 3(1), Pondok Permai Beach North Sumatra",SQM; coastal Strait of Malacca; D0=15.0°; winter solstice inferred
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2019-03-20,2019-03-19 22:16:00+00:00,3.595,98.672,22.0,78,19.250032694487395,"OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia",Spring equinox
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2018-06-21,2018-06-20 22:12:00+00:00,3.595,98.672,22.0,171,15.625768688791256,"OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia",SQM confirmed; proposed national angle -16.48°
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2019-09-22,2019-09-21 22:14:00+00:00,3.595,98.672,22.0,264,16.010381763596552,"OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia",Autumn equinox
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2018-12-21,2018-12-20 22:22:00+00:00,3.595,98.672,22.0,354,15.435839910993419,"OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia",SQM winter observation
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2017-04-03,2017-04-02 22:08:00+00:00,3.6731,103.3508,5.0,92,15.048807241674647,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Penor Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; D0=15.05° computed; sea horizon; dawn JADUAL 2 row 7
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2017-04-04,2017-04-03 22:04:00+00:00,3.6731,103.3508,5.0,93,15.932218786282219,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Penor Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; D0=15.93° computed; sea horizon; dawn JADUAL 2 row 8
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2017-02-08,2017-02-07 22:17:00+00:00,3.8125,103.3719,5.0,38,16.350817174850203,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; D0=16.35° computed; sea horizon; actual dawn from paper JADUAL 2 row 1
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2017-02-09,2017-02-08 22:10:00+00:00,3.8125,103.3719,5.0,39,18.053610655691063,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; D0=18.05° computed; sea horizon; actual dawn from paper JADUAL 2 row 2
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2017-02-10,2017-02-09 22:14:00+00:00,3.8125,103.3719,5.0,40,17.09408519052016,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; D0=17.09° computed; sea horizon; actual dawn from paper JADUAL 2 row 3
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2017-10-31,2017-10-30 21:52:00+00:00,3.8125,103.3719,5.0,303,15.021443796312283,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia",DSLR; D0=15.02° computed; sea horizon; Oct 31 additional visit; JADUAL 2 row 45
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2017-07-31,2017-07-30 21:51:00+00:00,4.795,103.4261,5.0,211,17.700529149189133,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuala Dungun Terengganu Malaysia",DSLR; D0=17.70° computed; sea horizon; dawn JADUAL 2 row 28
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2017-08-01,2017-07-31 21:52:00+00:00,4.795,103.4261,5.0,212,17.503759936937527,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuala Dungun Terengganu Malaysia",DSLR; D0=17.50° computed; sea horizon; dawn JADUAL 2 row 29
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2017-08-02,2017-08-01 21:55:00+00:00,4.795,103.4261,5.0,213,16.83690637015438,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuala Dungun Terengganu Malaysia",DSLR; D0=16.84° computed; sea horizon; dawn JADUAL 2 row 30
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2017-08-05,2017-08-04 21:52:00+00:00,4.795,103.4261,5.0,216,17.628501389296762,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuala Dungun Terengganu Malaysia",DSLR; D0=17.63° computed; sea horizon; dawn JADUAL 2 row 33
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2017-03-01,2017-02-28 22:21:00+00:00,4.8647,103.3936,5.0,59,14.93967277156889,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Rantau Abang Terengganu Malaysia",DSLR; D0=14.94° computed; sea horizon; dawn JADUAL 2 row 4
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2017-03-02,2017-03-01 22:21:00+00:00,4.8647,103.3936,5.0,60,14.870863738322889,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Rantau Abang Terengganu Malaysia",DSLR; D0=14.87° computed; sea horizon; dawn JADUAL 2 row 5
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2017-03-03,2017-03-02 22:17:00+00:00,4.8647,103.3936,5.0,61,15.790625549693269,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Rantau Abang Terengganu Malaysia",DSLR; D0=15.79° computed; sea horizon; dawn JADUAL 2 row 6
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2018-03-21,2018-03-20 22:11:00+00:00,5.267,103.133,2.0,79,15.87864448997993,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Masjid Tengku Zaharah Terengganu",Rural 19.85 mpsas; LP angle 15.67°; spring; time inferred
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2018-06-22,2018-06-21 21:50:00+00:00,5.267,103.133,2.0,172,15.876253923770426,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Masjid Tengku Zaharah Terengganu",Rural Terengganu beach; summer; time inferred
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2018-09-23,2018-09-22 21:57:00+00:00,5.267,103.133,2.0,265,15.689291155619667,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Masjid Tengku Zaharah Terengganu",Rural Terengganu; autumn equinox; time inferred
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@ -273,10 +299,15 @@ date,utc_dt,lat,lng,elevation_m,day_of_year,fajr_angle,source,notes
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2018-09-23,2018-09-22 21:57:00+00:00,5.317,103.15,2.0,265,15.67101186185342,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Batu Buruk Terengganu Malaysia",Rural Terengganu; autumn equinox; time inferred
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2018-12-22,2018-12-21 22:06:00+00:00,5.317,103.15,2.0,355,15.785385087052576,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Batu Buruk Terengganu Malaysia",Rural Terengganu; winter solstice; time inferred
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2017-08-02,2017-08-01 21:59:00+00:00,5.325,103.145,5.0,213,15.981836695507775,"Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11) Fig 4, Kuala Terengganu Malaysia",DSLR; individual obs; Do=-16.0°; coastal east coast Terengganu; time inferred at Do=-16°
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2017-08-03,2017-08-02 21:49:00+00:00,5.325,103.145,5.0,214,18.34968228073819,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuala Terengganu Malaysia",DSLR; D0=18.35° computed; sea horizon; Aug 3 new date; JADUAL 2 row 31
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2017-08-04,2017-08-03 21:53:00+00:00,5.325,103.145,5.0,215,17.448974989604853,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuala Terengganu Malaysia",DSLR; D0=17.45° computed; sea horizon; Aug 4 new date; JADUAL 2 row 32
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2018-03-21,2018-03-20 22:05:00+00:00,5.4,102.917,5.0,79,17.582930367154436,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Balai Cerap UniSZA Terengganu",Official Islamic observatory; pristine 20.08 mpsas; spring; time inferred
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2018-06-22,2018-06-21 21:43:00+00:00,5.4,102.917,5.0,172,17.569640526576887,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Balai Cerap UniSZA Terengganu",UniSZA observatory; summer solstice; time inferred
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2018-09-23,2018-09-22 21:50:00+00:00,5.4,102.917,5.0,265,17.642289833683726,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Balai Cerap UniSZA Terengganu",UniSZA observatory; autumn equinox; time inferred
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2018-12-22,2018-12-21 21:59:00+00:00,5.4,102.917,5.0,355,17.635980446437927,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Balai Cerap UniSZA Terengganu",UniSZA observatory; winter solstice; time inferred
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2017-10-23,2017-10-22 21:47:00+00:00,5.5978,102.7969,5.0,295,17.29021407253708,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Setiu Terengganu Malaysia",DSLR; D0=17.29° computed; sea horizon; Oct 23; JADUAL 2 row 37
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2017-10-24,2017-10-23 21:48:00+00:00,5.5978,102.7969,5.0,296,17.026826610215753,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Setiu Terengganu Malaysia",DSLR; D0=17.03° computed; sea horizon; JADUAL 2 row 38
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2017-10-25,2017-10-24 21:52:00+00:00,5.5978,102.7969,5.0,297,16.03328851052548,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Setiu Terengganu Malaysia",DSLR; D0=16.03° computed; sea horizon; JADUAL 2 row 39
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2017-12-20,2017-12-19 22:33:00+00:00,5.876,95.34,5.0,353,16.77957717735588,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",DSLR; D0=16.78° computed; Dec 20 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
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2017-12-21,2017-12-20 22:37:00+00:00,5.876,95.34,5.0,354,15.976364006435302,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",DSLR; D0=15.98° computed; Dec 21 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
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2017-12-22,2017-12-21 22:31:00+00:00,5.876,95.34,5.0,355,17.466253660657696,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",DSLR; D0=17.47° computed; Dec 22 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
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@ -288,6 +319,14 @@ date,utc_dt,lat,lng,elevation_m,day_of_year,fajr_angle,source,notes
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2017-12-28,2017-12-27 22:31:00+00:00,5.876,95.34,5.0,361,18.151651191037427,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",DSLR; D0=18.15° computed; Dec 28 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
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2017-12-29,2017-12-28 22:32:00+00:00,5.876,95.34,5.0,362,18.03519646568871,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",DSLR; D0=18.04° computed; Dec 29 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
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2017-12-30,2017-12-29 22:31:00+00:00,5.876,95.34,5.0,363,18.3773086883836,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Sabang Aceh Indonesia",DSLR; D0=18.38° computed; Dec 30 clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2
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2017-10-26,2017-10-25 21:54:00+00:00,6.05,102.44,5.0,298,15.968972034206057,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Bachok Kelantan Malaysia",DSLR; D0=15.97° computed; sea horizon; South China Sea; JADUAL 2 row 40
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2017-10-27,2017-10-26 21:53:00+00:00,6.05,102.44,5.0,299,16.20472455114551,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Bachok Kelantan Malaysia",DSLR; D0=16.20° computed; sea horizon; JADUAL 2 row 41
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2017-10-28,2017-10-27 21:52:00+00:00,6.05,102.44,5.0,300,16.442135096505982,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Bachok Kelantan Malaysia",DSLR; D0=16.44° computed; sea horizon; JADUAL 2 row 42
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2017-10-29,2017-10-28 22:05:00+00:00,6.05,102.44,5.0,301,13.28070690708471,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Bachok Kelantan Malaysia",DSLR; D0=13.28° computed; 21 min after official subuh — heavy cloud at horizon; JADUAL 2 row 43
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2017-10-30,2017-10-29 21:47:00+00:00,6.05,102.44,5.0,302,17.650072834242955,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Bachok Kelantan Malaysia",DSLR; D0=17.65° computed; sea horizon; JADUAL 2 row 44
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2017-11-23,2017-11-22 22:03:00+00:00,6.3064,99.8625,5.0,326,17.130117853486563,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Langkawi Kedah Malaysia",DSLR; D0=17.13° computed; sea horizon; Andaman Sea; JADUAL 2 row 48
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2017-11-24,2017-11-23 22:01:00+00:00,6.3064,99.8625,5.0,327,17.665877891982365,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Langkawi Kedah Malaysia",DSLR; D0=17.67° computed; sea horizon; JADUAL 2 row 49
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2017-11-25,2017-11-24 22:00:00+00:00,6.3064,99.8625,5.0,328,17.969133168489055,"Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Langkawi Kedah Malaysia",DSLR; D0=17.97° computed; sea horizon; JADUAL 2 row 50
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2018-03-21,2018-03-20 22:08:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,79,17.568166913263454,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine dark sky 21.30 mpsas; twilight stability -17.49°; time inferred
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2018-06-22,2018-06-21 21:44:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,172,17.61402480335092,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine dark sky; summer solstice; time inferred
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2018-09-23,2018-09-22 21:53:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,265,17.6280830402101,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine dark sky; autumn equinox; time inferred
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@ -4510,6 +4510,297 @@ VERIFIED_SIGHTINGS: list[SightingRecord] = [
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"notes": "DSLR; D0=19.71° computed; clear sky; actual dawn time from paper Table 2",
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},
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# INDONESIA — Pondok Permai Beach, Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatra
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# Coordinates: ~3.46°N, 99.00°E, ~5m (coastal, Strait of Malacca)
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# UTC+7 (WIB)
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# Source: Pinem, R.K.B., Hidayat, M. & Ananda, F.S. (2024).
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# "The Influence of MPSAS Values and SQM Angles in Determining Fajr Time."
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# Journal of Mathematics Education and Application (JMEA), 3(1).
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# DOI: 10.30596/jmea.v3i1.18859
|
||||
# SQM observations; coastal beach ~30km south of Medan; darker than urban.
|
||||
# Aggregate mean D0 = -15.0° for Pondok Permai.
|
||||
# 4 seasonal aggregate records.
|
||||
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2022-03-21", "time_local": "05:31",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 3.46, "lng": 99.00, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Pinem et al. 2024, JMEA 3(1), Pondok Permai Beach North Sumatra",
|
||||
"notes": "SQM; coastal Strait of Malacca; ~30km S of Medan; D0=15.0°; spring equinox inferred",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2022-06-22", "time_local": "05:13",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 3.46, "lng": 99.00, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Pinem et al. 2024, JMEA 3(1), Pondok Permai Beach North Sumatra",
|
||||
"notes": "SQM; coastal Strait of Malacca; D0=15.0°; summer solstice inferred",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2022-09-23", "time_local": "05:16",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 3.46, "lng": 99.00, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Pinem et al. 2024, JMEA 3(1), Pondok Permai Beach North Sumatra",
|
||||
"notes": "SQM; coastal Strait of Malacca; D0=15.0°; autumn equinox inferred",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2022-12-22", "time_local": "05:22",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 3.46, "lng": 99.00, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Pinem et al. 2024, JMEA 3(1), Pondok Permai Beach North Sumatra",
|
||||
"notes": "SQM; coastal Strait of Malacca; D0=15.0°; winter solstice inferred",
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
# INDONESIA — Sri Mersing Beach, Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatra
|
||||
# Coordinates: ~3.45°N, 99.00°E, ~5m (coastal, Strait of Malacca)
|
||||
# UTC+7 (WIB)
|
||||
# Same source paper as above (Pinem et al. 2024, JMEA 3(1)).
|
||||
# Adjacent beach ~1km from Pondok Permai; slightly more LP-influenced.
|
||||
# Aggregate mean D0 = -14.0° for Sri Mersing.
|
||||
# 4 seasonal aggregate records.
|
||||
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2022-03-21", "time_local": "05:35",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 3.45, "lng": 99.00, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Pinem et al. 2024, JMEA 3(1), Sri Mersing Beach North Sumatra",
|
||||
"notes": "SQM; coastal Strait of Malacca; D0=14.0°; LP-influenced vs Pondok Permai; spring equinox",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2022-06-22", "time_local": "05:18",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 3.45, "lng": 99.00, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Pinem et al. 2024, JMEA 3(1), Sri Mersing Beach North Sumatra",
|
||||
"notes": "SQM; coastal Strait of Malacca; D0=14.0°; LP-influenced; summer solstice",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2022-09-23", "time_local": "05:20",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 3.45, "lng": 99.00, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Pinem et al. 2024, JMEA 3(1), Sri Mersing Beach North Sumatra",
|
||||
"notes": "SQM; coastal Strait of Malacca; D0=14.0°; LP-influenced; autumn equinox",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2022-12-22", "time_local": "05:27",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 7.0, "lat": 3.45, "lng": 99.00, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Pinem et al. 2024, JMEA 3(1), Sri Mersing Beach North Sumatra",
|
||||
"notes": "SQM; coastal Strait of Malacca; D0=14.0°; LP-influenced; winter solstice",
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
# JATMA 2019 FIRST TABLE — ROWS 1-50 (Malaysian Sites, Feb-Nov 2017)
|
||||
# Source: Kassim Bahali, Samian, Muslim & Abdul Hamid (2019).
|
||||
# "Re-evaluation of Calculation of the Dawn Prayer Time in the Malay World."
|
||||
# JATMA: Journal of Al-Tamaddun 7(2):37-48.
|
||||
# DOI: 10.17576/jatma-2019-0702-04
|
||||
# Instrument: DSLR Canon 60Da, calibrated (Kc=74). Sea horizon for coastal sites.
|
||||
# UTC+8 (Malaysia Standard Time) for all Malaysia sites.
|
||||
# Depression angles computed via PyEphem from actual observed dawn times.
|
||||
# (Rows 9-27 = Pekan already in dataset; row 16 = TD, skipped)
|
||||
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
# KUANTAN, PAHANG — 3°48'45"N, 103°22'19"E — sea horizon
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-02-08", "time_local": "06:17",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 3.8125, "lng": 103.3719, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=16.35° computed; sea horizon; actual dawn from paper JADUAL 2 row 1",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-02-09", "time_local": "06:10",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 3.8125, "lng": 103.3719, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=18.05° computed; sea horizon; actual dawn from paper JADUAL 2 row 2",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-02-10", "time_local": "06:14",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 3.8125, "lng": 103.3719, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.09° computed; sea horizon; actual dawn from paper JADUAL 2 row 3",
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
# RANTAU ABANG, TERENGGANU — 4°51'53"N, 103°23'37"E — sea horizon
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-03-01", "time_local": "06:21",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 4.8647, "lng": 103.3936, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Rantau Abang Terengganu Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=14.94° computed; sea horizon; dawn JADUAL 2 row 4",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-03-02", "time_local": "06:21",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 4.8647, "lng": 103.3936, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Rantau Abang Terengganu Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=14.87° computed; sea horizon; dawn JADUAL 2 row 5",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-03-03", "time_local": "06:17",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 4.8647, "lng": 103.3936, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Rantau Abang Terengganu Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=15.79° computed; sea horizon; dawn JADUAL 2 row 6",
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
# PENOR, PAHANG — 3°40'23"N, 103°21'03"E — sea horizon
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-04-03", "time_local": "06:08",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 3.6731, "lng": 103.3508, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Penor Pahang Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=15.05° computed; sea horizon; dawn JADUAL 2 row 7",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-04-04", "time_local": "06:04",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 3.6731, "lng": 103.3508, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Penor Pahang Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=15.93° computed; sea horizon; dawn JADUAL 2 row 8",
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
# KUALA DUNGUN, TERENGGANU — 4°47'42"N, 103°25'34"E — sea horizon
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-07-31", "time_local": "05:51",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 4.7950, "lng": 103.4261, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuala Dungun Terengganu Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.70° computed; sea horizon; dawn JADUAL 2 row 28",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-08-01", "time_local": "05:52",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 4.7950, "lng": 103.4261, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuala Dungun Terengganu Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.50° computed; sea horizon; dawn JADUAL 2 row 29",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-08-02", "time_local": "05:55",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 4.7950, "lng": 103.4261, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuala Dungun Terengganu Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=16.84° computed; sea horizon; dawn JADUAL 2 row 30",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-08-05", "time_local": "05:52",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 4.7950, "lng": 103.4261, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuala Dungun Terengganu Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.63° computed; sea horizon; dawn JADUAL 2 row 33",
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
# KUALA TERENGGANU — additional dates (Aug 3-4, 2017, not yet in dataset)
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-08-03", "time_local": "05:49",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 5.325, "lng": 103.145, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuala Terengganu Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=18.35° computed; sea horizon; Aug 3 new date; JADUAL 2 row 31",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-08-04", "time_local": "05:53",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 5.325, "lng": 103.145, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuala Terengganu Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.45° computed; sea horizon; Aug 4 new date; JADUAL 2 row 32",
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
# JASIN, MELAKA — 2°20'04"N, 102°18'57"E — land horizon (Darat)
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-10-19", "time_local": "05:56",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 2.3344, "lng": 102.3158, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Jasin Melaka Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=15.12° computed; land horizon; inland Melaka; JADUAL 2 row 34",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-10-20", "time_local": "05:54",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 2.3344, "lng": 102.3158, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Jasin Melaka Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=15.57° computed; land horizon; JADUAL 2 row 35",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-10-21", "time_local": "05:47",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 2.3344, "lng": 102.3158, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Jasin Melaka Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.24° computed; land horizon; JADUAL 2 row 36",
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
# SETIU, TERENGGANU — 5°35'52"N, 102°47'49"E — sea horizon
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-10-23", "time_local": "05:47",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 5.5978, "lng": 102.7969, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Setiu Terengganu Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.29° computed; sea horizon; Oct 23; JADUAL 2 row 37",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-10-24", "time_local": "05:48",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 5.5978, "lng": 102.7969, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Setiu Terengganu Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.03° computed; sea horizon; JADUAL 2 row 38",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-10-25", "time_local": "05:52",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 5.5978, "lng": 102.7969, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Setiu Terengganu Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=16.03° computed; sea horizon; JADUAL 2 row 39",
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
# BACHOK, KELANTAN — ~6.05°N, 102.44°E — sea horizon (east coast Kelantan)
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-10-26", "time_local": "05:54",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 6.0500, "lng": 102.4400, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Bachok Kelantan Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=15.97° computed; sea horizon; South China Sea; JADUAL 2 row 40",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-10-27", "time_local": "05:53",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 6.0500, "lng": 102.4400, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Bachok Kelantan Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=16.20° computed; sea horizon; JADUAL 2 row 41",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-10-28", "time_local": "05:52",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 6.0500, "lng": 102.4400, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Bachok Kelantan Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=16.44° computed; sea horizon; JADUAL 2 row 42",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-10-29", "time_local": "06:05",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 6.0500, "lng": 102.4400, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Bachok Kelantan Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=13.28° computed; 21 min after official subuh — heavy cloud at horizon; JADUAL 2 row 43",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-10-30", "time_local": "05:47",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 6.0500, "lng": 102.4400, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Bachok Kelantan Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.65° computed; sea horizon; JADUAL 2 row 44",
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
# KUANTAN — additional Oct 31, 2017 observation
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-10-31", "time_local": "05:52",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 3.8125, "lng": 103.3719, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=15.02° computed; sea horizon; Oct 31 additional visit; JADUAL 2 row 45",
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
# DURIAN TUNGGAL, MELAKA — ~2.31°N, 102.17°E — land horizon
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-11-01", "time_local": "05:52",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 2.3100, "lng": 102.1700, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=15.81° computed; land horizon; Alor Gajah district; JADUAL 2 row 46",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-11-02", "time_local": "05:49",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 2.3100, "lng": 102.1700, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=16.52° computed; land horizon; JADUAL 2 row 47",
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
# LANGKAWI, KEDAH — 6°18'23"N, 99°51'45"E — sea horizon (Andaman Sea)
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-11-23", "time_local": "06:03",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 6.3064, "lng": 99.8625, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Langkawi Kedah Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.13° computed; sea horizon; Andaman Sea; JADUAL 2 row 48",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-11-24", "time_local": "06:01",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 6.3064, "lng": 99.8625, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Langkawi Kedah Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.67° computed; sea horizon; JADUAL 2 row 49",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"prayer": "fajr", "date_local": "2017-11-25", "time_local": "06:00",
|
||||
"utc_offset": 8.0, "lat": 6.3064, "lng": 99.8625, "elevation_m": 5.0,
|
||||
"source": "Kassim Bahali et al. 2019, JATMA 7(2):37-48, Langkawi Kedah Malaysia",
|
||||
"notes": "DSLR; D0=17.97° computed; sea horizon; JADUAL 2 row 50",
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
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Reference in a new issue