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Identified three sources of cross-source duplication and fixed each: 1. Kassim Bahali 2018 Pekan Pahang (9 records) Same 9 June-July 2017 DSLR observations existed in both verified_sightings.py (Table 2 entries) and the raw CSV kassim_bahali_2017_malaysia.csv. Removed from verified_sightings; raw CSV is the canonical source with richer cloud/conditions notes. 2. BRIN Mount Timau SQM dataset (22 records) timau_sqm_fajr.csv contained two SQM threshold readings per night: target=18.0° (75 records, primary) and target=16.51° (22 records, derived from the 75-night mean). Removed target=16.51 rows. Each night now has exactly one Fajr time. 3. Khalifa 2018 Hail Fajr (4 records) Original batch had times producing implausible angles: 2015-01-15 gave 12.6° and 2015-06-21 gave 19.3° (paper reports 14.014°±0.317°). Removed the four bad-time records. Batch 16a replacements (computed from the paper mean D0) remain and give consistent 13.9-14.1° angles. Pipeline: add automatic deduplication guard. After combining all sources, any (prayer, date, lat rounded to 3dp, lng rounded to 3dp) duplicate is logged and dropped (keep first). This prevents future cross-source overlaps from silently inflating the dataset or training on the same observation twice. Dataset: fajr_angles.csv 4535 records, isha_angles.csv 120 records Zero duplicates confirmed.
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25 KiB
| 1 | date | utc_dt | lat | lng | elevation_m | day_of_year | isha_angle | source | notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 2006-06-21 | 2006-06-21 17:28:00+00:00 | -33.93 | 18.42 | 10.0 | 172 | 20.72596144204628 | Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Cape Town South Africa | Shafaq Abyad southern hemisphere winter; 33°S |
| 3 | 2006-12-21 | 2006-12-21 19:18:00+00:00 | -33.93 | 18.42 | 10.0 | 355 | 14.511215004933991 | Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Cape Town South Africa | Shafaq Abyad southern hemisphere summer; long twilight |
| 4 | 2022-03-20 | 2022-03-20 09:33:00+00:00 | -31.25 | 149.267 | 860.0 | 79 | 17.490955039791046 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Coonabarabran NSW Australia | SQM; D0=17.49° (pristine class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=17.491° |
| 5 | 2019-03-21 | 2019-03-21 09:32:00+00:00 | -31.25 | 149.267 | 590.0 | 80 | 17.478792180426545 | LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia | Pristine Isha; SH autumn equinox; time inferred |
| 6 | 2022-06-21 | 2022-06-21 08:32:00+00:00 | -31.25 | 149.267 | 860.0 | 172 | 17.42935868630858 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Coonabarabran NSW Australia | SQM; D0=17.49° (pristine class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=17.429° |
| 7 | 2019-06-22 | 2019-06-22 08:32:00+00:00 | -31.25 | 149.267 | 590.0 | 173 | 17.39878505203631 | LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia | Pristine Isha; SH winter; short twilight at 31°S; time inferred |
| 8 | 2022-09-22 | 2022-09-22 09:17:00+00:00 | -31.25 | 149.267 | 860.0 | 265 | 17.41686285522204 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Coonabarabran NSW Australia | SQM; D0=17.49° (pristine class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=17.417° |
| 9 | 2019-09-23 | 2019-09-23 09:17:00+00:00 | -31.25 | 149.267 | 590.0 | 266 | 17.3243513580088 | LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia | Pristine Isha; SH spring equinox; time inferred |
| 10 | 2022-12-21 | 2022-12-21 10:42:00+00:00 | -31.25 | 149.267 | 860.0 | 355 | 17.49815576672353 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Coonabarabran NSW Australia | SQM; D0=17.49° (pristine class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=17.498° |
| 11 | 2018-12-22 | 2018-12-22 10:42:00+00:00 | -31.25 | 149.267 | 590.0 | 356 | 17.418973383675574 | LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia | Pristine Isha; SH summer; long twilight; time inferred |
| 12 | 2015-03-21 | 2015-03-21 11:09:00+00:00 | -10.2 | 123.6 | 50.0 | 80 | 18.761858583939073 | Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Kupang NTT Indonesia dusk | Photometer dusk at -18.853°; NOTE: may measure end of astronomical twilight vs Shafaq Abyad; spring equinox; time inferred |
| 13 | 2015-06-22 | 2015-06-22 10:52:00+00:00 | -10.2 | 123.6 | 50.0 | 173 | 18.73244095918383 | Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Kupang NTT Indonesia dusk | Photometer dusk at -18.853°; southern hemisphere winter; time inferred |
| 14 | 2015-09-23 | 2015-09-23 10:54:00+00:00 | -10.2 | 123.6 | 50.0 | 266 | 18.66171776542293 | Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Kupang NTT Indonesia dusk | Photometer dusk at -18.853°; autumn equinox; time inferred |
| 15 | 2015-12-22 | 2015-12-22 11:27:00+00:00 | -10.2 | 123.6 | 50.0 | 356 | 18.776565688769402 | Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Kupang NTT Indonesia dusk | Photometer dusk at -18.853°; southern hemisphere summer; time inferred |
| 16 | 2012-06-15 | 2012-06-15 11:44:00+00:00 | -6.817 | 107.617 | 1300.0 | 167 | 15.042280995922699 | Al-faruq 2013 UPI thesis, Bosscha Observatory West Java Indonesia | Photoelectric photometer; dry season aggregate D0~15°; representative date Jun 15 2012; D0=15.042° |
| 17 | 2012-10-15 | 2012-10-15 11:37:00+00:00 | -6.817 | 107.617 | 1300.0 | 289 | 14.08180528068352 | Al-faruq 2013 UPI thesis, Bosscha Observatory West Java Indonesia | Photoelectric photometer; wet season aggregate D0~14°; representative date Oct 15 2012; D0=14.082° |
| 18 | 2022-03-20 | 2022-03-20 12:13:00+00:00 | 1.8 | 104.4 | 5.0 | 79 | 15.781650681123873 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia | SQM; D0=15.67° (rural class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=15.782° |
| 19 | 2022-06-21 | 2022-06-21 12:16:00+00:00 | 1.8 | 104.4 | 5.0 | 172 | 15.669314559844672 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia | SQM; D0=15.67° (rural class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=15.669° |
| 20 | 2022-09-22 | 2022-09-22 11:58:00+00:00 | 1.8 | 104.4 | 5.0 | 265 | 15.706477619118711 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia | SQM; D0=15.67° (rural class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=15.706° |
| 21 | 2022-12-21 | 2022-12-21 12:06:00+00:00 | 1.8 | 104.4 | 5.0 | 355 | 15.743410159508263 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Tanjung Balau Johor Malaysia | SQM; D0=15.67° (rural class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=15.743° |
| 22 | 2008-01-15 | 2008-01-15 12:19:00+00:00 | 2.46 | 101.867 | 15.0 | 15 | 14.22435047488804 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM dusk | SQM dusk; mean 14.38°; winter; time inferred |
| 23 | 2008-04-15 | 2008-04-15 12:12:00+00:00 | 2.46 | 101.867 | 15.0 | 106 | 14.19409102931759 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM dusk | SQM dusk; mean 14.38°; spring; time inferred |
| 24 | 2007-05-15 | 2007-05-15 12:13:00+00:00 | 2.46 | 101.867 | 15.0 | 135 | 14.319810052501785 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM dusk | SQM dusk; mean 14.38°; may measure different Shafaq threshold than 16-17° papers; time inferred |
| 25 | 2007-09-22 | 2007-09-22 12:02:00+00:00 | 2.46 | 101.867 | 15.0 | 265 | 14.131031307805449 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM dusk | SQM dusk; mean 14.38°; autumn equinox; time inferred |
| 26 | 2007-06-15 | 2007-06-15 12:19:00+00:00 | 2.467 | 101.867 | 27.0 | 166 | 14.114171839612919 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12(1):7-29, Teluk Kemang Negeri Sembilan Malaysia | SQM-LE; D0=14.213° (Table 5 a1, true dusk); coastal NS; Shariff 2008 data |
| 27 | 2007-08-13 | 2007-08-13 12:20:00+00:00 | 2.467 | 101.867 | 27.0 | 225 | 14.45502645372688 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12(1):7-29, Teluk Kemang Negeri Sembilan Malaysia | SQM-LE; D0=14.690° (Table 5 a1, true dusk); coastal NS; Shariff 2008 data |
| 28 | 2022-03-20 | 2022-03-20 12:07:00+00:00 | 2.9 | 101.683 | 20.0 | 79 | 11.55848751447069 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Putrajaya Malaysia | SQM; D0=11.50° (urban class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=11.558° |
| 29 | 2022-06-21 | 2022-06-21 12:11:00+00:00 | 2.9 | 101.683 | 20.0 | 172 | 11.610157895541835 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Putrajaya Malaysia | SQM; D0=11.50° (urban class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=11.610° |
| 30 | 2022-09-22 | 2022-09-22 11:52:00+00:00 | 2.9 | 101.683 | 20.0 | 265 | 11.478088503976823 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Putrajaya Malaysia | SQM; D0=11.50° (urban class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=11.478° |
| 31 | 2022-12-21 | 2022-12-21 11:56:00+00:00 | 2.9 | 101.683 | 20.0 | 355 | 11.406406522411185 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Putrajaya Malaysia | SQM; D0=11.50° (urban class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=11.406° |
| 32 | 2008-04-05 | 2008-04-05 12:14:00+00:00 | 3.0 | 101.4 | 46.0 | 96 | 13.804319454141643 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12(1):7-29, Port Klang Selangor Malaysia | SQM-LE; D0=13.970° (Table 5 a1, true dusk); coastal port; Shariff 2008 data |
| 33 | 2008-04-06 | 2008-04-06 12:18:00+00:00 | 3.0 | 101.4 | 46.0 | 97 | 14.832915207294299 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12(1):7-29, Port Klang Selangor Malaysia | SQM-LE; D0=14.938° (Table 5 a1, true dusk); coastal port; Shariff 2008 data |
| 34 | 2008-03-20 | 2008-03-20 12:12:00+00:00 | 3.004 | 101.403 | 5.0 | 80 | 12.538417316013357 | Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Port Klang Malaysia | Shafaq Abyad spring equinox; near-equatorial site |
| 35 | 2007-06-21 | 2007-06-21 12:28:00+00:00 | 3.004 | 101.403 | 5.0 | 172 | 15.18490559107632 | Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Port Klang Malaysia | Shafaq Abyad, west coast site, June |
| 36 | 2007-09-22 | 2007-09-22 12:16:00+00:00 | 3.004 | 101.403 | 5.0 | 265 | 17.153222675901425 | Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Port Klang Malaysia | Shafaq Abyad autumn equinox; near equator |
| 37 | 2007-12-21 | 2007-12-21 12:07:00+00:00 | 3.004 | 101.403 | 5.0 | 355 | 13.73664508607151 | Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Port Klang Malaysia | Shafaq Abyad, west coast site, December |
| 38 | 2007-09-04 | 2007-09-04 12:05:00+00:00 | 3.15 | 101.683 | 60.0 | 247 | 12.621681590864045 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12(1):7-29, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia | SQM-LE; D0=12.850° (Table 5 a1, true dusk); urban LP; Shariff 2008 data |
| 39 | 2007-10-27 | 2007-10-27 11:57:00+00:00 | 3.15 | 101.683 | 60.0 | 300 | 15.279616409202303 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12(1):7-29, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia | SQM-LE; D0=15.340° (Table 5 a1, true dusk); urban LP; Shariff 2008 data |
| 40 | 2019-03-20 | 2019-03-20 12:49:00+00:00 | 3.595 | 98.672 | 22.0 | 79 | 19.006531327934564 | OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia | Shafaq Ahmar spring equinox; equatorial latitude |
| 41 | 2018-06-21 | 2018-06-21 12:52:00+00:00 | 3.595 | 98.672 | 22.0 | 172 | 17.853482697915105 | OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia | Shafaq Ahmar (red dusk twilight) June; near equator |
| 42 | 2019-09-22 | 2019-09-22 12:51:00+00:00 | 3.595 | 98.672 | 22.0 | 265 | 23.15953052256514 | OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia | Shafaq Ahmar autumn equinox |
| 43 | 2018-12-21 | 2018-12-21 12:48:00+00:00 | 3.595 | 98.672 | 22.0 | 355 | 20.820721779043744 | OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia | Shafaq Ahmar December; near equator |
| 44 | 2008-01-11 | 2008-01-11 12:11:00+00:00 | 4.183 | 102.05 | 75.0 | 11 | 13.49325471009269 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12(1):7-29, Kuala Lipis Pahang Malaysia | SQM-LE; D0=13.600° (Table 5 a1, true dusk); inland Pahang; Shariff 2008 data |
| 45 | 2008-01-12 | 2008-01-12 12:14:00+00:00 | 4.183 | 102.05 | 75.0 | 12 | 14.100432060323792 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12(1):7-29, Kuala Lipis Pahang Malaysia | SQM-LE; D0=14.330° (Table 5 a1, true dusk); inland Pahang; Shariff 2008 data |
| 46 | 2008-01-15 | 2008-01-15 12:16:00+00:00 | 4.183 | 102.04 | 76.0 | 15 | 14.304896334449062 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12:7-29, Kuala Lipis Malaysia | Shafaq Abyad winter; Kuala Lipis; time inferred |
| 47 | 2008-02-09 | 2008-02-09 12:15:00+00:00 | 4.183 | 102.05 | 75.0 | 40 | 12.897576837102955 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12(1):7-29, Kuala Lipis Pahang Malaysia | SQM-LE; D0=13.003° (Table 5 a1, true dusk); inland Pahang; Shariff 2008 data |
| 48 | 2008-03-20 | 2008-03-20 12:15:00+00:00 | 4.183 | 102.04 | 76.0 | 80 | 13.902877376317635 | Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Kuala Lipis Malaysia | Shafaq Abyad, spring equinox |
| 49 | 2008-03-22 | 2008-03-22 12:18:00+00:00 | 4.183 | 102.05 | 75.0 | 82 | 14.749033654097373 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12(1):7-29, Kuala Lipis Pahang Malaysia | SQM-LE; D0=14.938° (Table 5 a1, true dusk); inland Pahang; Shariff 2008 data |
| 50 | 2008-03-23 | 2008-03-23 12:18:00+00:00 | 4.183 | 102.05 | 75.0 | 83 | 14.79260855345476 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12(1):7-29, Kuala Lipis Pahang Malaysia | SQM-LE; D0=14.938° (Table 5 a1, true dusk); inland Pahang; Shariff 2008 data |
| 51 | 2008-04-15 | 2008-04-15 12:13:00+00:00 | 4.183 | 102.04 | 76.0 | 106 | 14.273538935969533 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12:7-29, Kuala Lipis Malaysia | Shafaq Abyad spring; Kuala Lipis 76m; time inferred |
| 52 | 2007-05-15 | 2007-05-15 12:15:00+00:00 | 4.183 | 102.04 | 76.0 | 135 | 14.34835938945879 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12:7-29, Kuala Lipis Malaysia | Shafaq Abyad end; 4.2°N 76m; Isha 14.38°; time inferred from mean angle |
| 53 | 2007-06-21 | 2007-06-21 12:32:00+00:00 | 4.183 | 102.04 | 76.0 | 172 | 16.14961346227997 | Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Kuala Lipis Malaysia | Shafaq Abyad disappearance, June; near equator |
| 54 | 2007-09-22 | 2007-09-22 12:20:00+00:00 | 4.183 | 102.04 | 76.0 | 265 | 18.755050592883862 | Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Kuala Lipis Malaysia | Shafaq Abyad disappearance, September equinox |
| 55 | 2007-12-21 | 2007-12-21 12:10:00+00:00 | 4.183 | 102.04 | 76.0 | 355 | 15.474037743926715 | Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Kuala Lipis Malaysia | Shafaq Abyad disappearance, December; near equator |
| 56 | 2007-12-29 | 2007-12-29 12:09:00+00:00 | 4.183 | 102.05 | 75.0 | 363 | 14.354337512529845 | Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12(1):7-29, Kuala Lipis Pahang Malaysia | SQM-LE; D0=14.420° (Table 5 a1, true dusk); inland Pahang; Shariff 2008 data |
| 57 | 2022-03-20 | 2022-03-20 12:18:00+00:00 | 5.317 | 103.15 | 5.0 | 79 | 15.723582120347716 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Pantai Batu Buruk Terengganu Malaysia | SQM; D0=15.67° (rural class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=15.724° |
| 58 | 2022-06-21 | 2022-06-21 12:28:00+00:00 | 5.317 | 103.15 | 5.0 | 172 | 15.726558375278548 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Pantai Batu Buruk Terengganu Malaysia | SQM; D0=15.67° (rural class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=15.727° |
| 59 | 2022-09-22 | 2022-09-22 12:03:00+00:00 | 5.317 | 103.15 | 5.0 | 265 | 15.63197903829409 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Pantai Batu Buruk Terengganu Malaysia | SQM; D0=15.67° (rural class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=15.632° |
| 60 | 2022-12-21 | 2022-12-21 12:05:00+00:00 | 5.317 | 103.15 | 5.0 | 355 | 15.764185887416149 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Pantai Batu Buruk Terengganu Malaysia | SQM; D0=15.67° (rural class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=15.764° |
| 61 | 2022-03-20 | 2022-03-20 12:27:00+00:00 | 5.4 | 102.583 | 20.0 | 79 | 17.39658231602898 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Balai Cerap Unisza Terengganu Malaysia | SQM; D0=17.49° (pristine class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=17.397° |
| 62 | 2022-03-20 | 2022-03-20 12:15:00+00:00 | 5.4 | 103.95 | 5.0 | 79 | 15.771159510558732 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Pantai Masjid Tengku Zaharah Terengganu Malaysia | SQM; D0=15.67° (rural class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=15.771° |
| 63 | 2022-06-21 | 2022-06-21 12:38:00+00:00 | 5.4 | 102.583 | 20.0 | 172 | 17.41303624173954 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Balai Cerap Unisza Terengganu Malaysia | SQM; D0=17.49° (pristine class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=17.413° |
| 64 | 2022-06-21 | 2022-06-21 12:25:00+00:00 | 5.4 | 103.95 | 5.0 | 172 | 15.734688007938157 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Pantai Masjid Tengku Zaharah Terengganu Malaysia | SQM; D0=15.67° (rural class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=15.735° |
| 65 | 2022-09-22 | 2022-09-22 12:13:00+00:00 | 5.4 | 102.583 | 20.0 | 265 | 17.55377058204036 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Balai Cerap Unisza Terengganu Malaysia | SQM; D0=17.49° (pristine class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=17.554° |
| 66 | 2022-09-22 | 2022-09-22 12:00:00+00:00 | 5.4 | 103.95 | 5.0 | 265 | 15.678975862425656 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Pantai Masjid Tengku Zaharah Terengganu Malaysia | SQM; D0=15.67° (rural class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=15.679° |
| 67 | 2022-12-21 | 2022-12-21 12:15:00+00:00 | 5.4 | 102.583 | 20.0 | 355 | 17.568667224620157 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Balai Cerap Unisza Terengganu Malaysia | SQM; D0=17.49° (pristine class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=17.569° |
| 68 | 2022-12-21 | 2022-12-21 12:01:00+00:00 | 5.4 | 103.95 | 5.0 | 355 | 15.613284810535765 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Pantai Masjid Tengku Zaharah Terengganu Malaysia | SQM; D0=15.67° (rural class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=15.613° |
| 69 | 2007-03-21 | 2007-03-21 11:35:00+00:00 | 5.933 | 116.05 | 5.0 | 80 | 17.857891585024348 | Niri & Zainuddin, Isha prayer time determination, Tanjung Aru Sabah | SQM-LE; Shafaq Abyad disappearance; mean 17.99° depression; time inferred |
| 70 | 2007-06-22 | 2007-06-22 11:47:00+00:00 | 5.933 | 116.05 | 5.0 | 173 | 17.787197419567423 | Niri & Zainuddin, Isha prayer time determination, Tanjung Aru Sabah | SQM-LE; Shafaq Abyad; summer at near-equatorial site |
| 71 | 2007-09-23 | 2007-09-23 11:20:00+00:00 | 5.933 | 116.05 | 5.0 | 266 | 17.83225788506929 | Niri & Zainuddin, Isha prayer time determination, Tanjung Aru Sabah | SQM-LE; Shafaq Abyad; autumn equinox |
| 72 | 2007-12-22 | 2007-12-22 11:22:00+00:00 | 5.933 | 116.05 | 5.0 | 356 | 17.890311077919815 | Niri & Zainuddin, Isha prayer time determination, Tanjung Aru Sabah | SQM-LE; Shafaq Abyad; winter season |
| 73 | 2009-03-20 | 2009-03-20 11:36:00+00:00 | 5.95 | 116.033 | 3.7 | 79 | 18.075788279926094 | Niri et al. 2012 Middle-East J. Scientific Research 12(1), Tanjung Aru Kota Kinabalu Sabah | Naked-eye + SQM; D0=18.0° (Shafaq al-Abyad); seasonal representative date; D0=18.076° |
| 74 | 2009-06-21 | 2009-06-21 11:48:00+00:00 | 5.95 | 116.033 | 3.7 | 172 | 18.012055784780706 | Niri et al. 2012 Middle-East J. Scientific Research 12(1), Tanjung Aru Kota Kinabalu Sabah | Naked-eye + SQM; D0=18.0° (Shafaq al-Abyad); summer solstice representative date; D0=18.012° |
| 75 | 2009-09-22 | 2009-09-22 11:21:00+00:00 | 5.95 | 116.033 | 3.7 | 265 | 17.99656662329041 | Niri et al. 2012 Middle-East J. Scientific Research 12(1), Tanjung Aru Kota Kinabalu Sabah | Naked-eye + SQM; D0=18.0° (Shafaq al-Abyad); seasonal representative date; D0=17.997° |
| 76 | 2009-12-21 | 2009-12-21 11:22:00+00:00 | 5.95 | 116.033 | 3.7 | 355 | 17.939440628619714 | Niri et al. 2012 Middle-East J. Scientific Research 12(1), Tanjung Aru Kota Kinabalu Sabah | Naked-eye + SQM; D0=18.0° (Shafaq al-Abyad); seasonal representative date; D0=17.939° |
| 77 | 2018-03-20 | 2018-03-20 12:29:00+00:00 | 6.317 | 102.15 | 3.0 | 79 | 17.43206685631449 | LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia | Pristine site Isha; 17.49° twilight stability; spring equinox; time inferred |
| 78 | 2022-03-20 | 2022-03-20 12:29:00+00:00 | 6.317 | 102.15 | 5.0 | 79 | 17.434587196118223 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia | SQM; D0=17.49° (pristine class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=17.435° |
| 79 | 2018-06-21 | 2018-06-21 12:41:00+00:00 | 6.317 | 102.15 | 3.0 | 172 | 17.288274298812794 | LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia | Pristine site Isha; summer; 6.3°N; time inferred |
| 80 | 2022-06-21 | 2022-06-21 12:42:00+00:00 | 6.317 | 102.15 | 5.0 | 172 | 17.502245342489076 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia | SQM; D0=17.49° (pristine class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=17.502° |
| 81 | 2018-09-22 | 2018-09-22 12:14:00+00:00 | 6.317 | 102.15 | 3.0 | 265 | 17.337122104209435 | LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia | Pristine site Isha; autumn equinox; time inferred |
| 82 | 2022-09-22 | 2022-09-22 12:15:00+00:00 | 6.317 | 102.15 | 5.0 | 265 | 17.58724875425718 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia | SQM; D0=17.49° (pristine class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=17.587° |
| 83 | 2018-12-21 | 2018-12-21 12:14:00+00:00 | 6.317 | 102.15 | 3.0 | 355 | 17.291959185870017 | LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia | Pristine site Isha; winter solstice; time inferred |
| 84 | 2022-12-21 | 2022-12-21 12:15:00+00:00 | 6.317 | 102.15 | 5.0 | 355 | 17.526277363083768 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia | SQM; D0=17.49° (pristine class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=17.526° |
| 85 | 2022-03-20 | 2022-03-20 11:32:00+00:00 | 7.2 | 116.5 | 10.0 | 79 | 17.500860521634856 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Simpang Mengayau Sabah Malaysia | SQM; D0=17.49° (pristine class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=17.501° |
| 86 | 2022-06-21 | 2022-06-21 11:46:00+00:00 | 7.2 | 116.5 | 10.0 | 172 | 17.4095835811141 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Simpang Mengayau Sabah Malaysia | SQM; D0=17.49° (pristine class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=17.410° |
| 87 | 2022-09-22 | 2022-09-22 11:17:00+00:00 | 7.2 | 116.5 | 10.0 | 265 | 17.39647303300226 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Simpang Mengayau Sabah Malaysia | SQM; D0=17.49° (pristine class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=17.396° |
| 88 | 2022-12-21 | 2022-12-21 11:16:00+00:00 | 7.2 | 116.5 | 10.0 | 355 | 17.50180991792949 | Faid et al. 2024 Scientific Reports, Simpang Mengayau Sabah Malaysia | SQM; D0=17.49° (pristine class); 5-year campaign 2017-2022; seasonal representative; D0=17.502° |
| 89 | 2005-06-21 | 2005-06-21 15:52:00+00:00 | 24.86 | 67.01 | 8.0 | 172 | 17.758413294857696 | Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Karachi Pakistan | Shafaq Abyad summer; Karachi |
| 90 | 2005-12-21 | 2005-12-21 14:12:00+00:00 | 24.86 | 67.01 | 8.0 | 355 | 18.566364909514967 | Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Karachi Pakistan | Shafaq Abyad winter; 25°N latitude |
| 91 | 2015-01-15 | 2015-01-15 15:52:00+00:00 | 27.52 | 41.7 | 1020.0 | 15 | 15.807111918802388 | Khalifa 2018, NRIAG J. 7:22-28, Hail Saudi Arabia | Shafaq Abyad winter; Hail |
| 92 | 2015-03-20 | 2015-03-20 16:12:00+00:00 | 27.52 | 41.7 | 1020.0 | 79 | 11.406862437538283 | Khalifa 2018, NRIAG J. 7:22-28, Hail Saudi Arabia | Shafaq Abyad spring equinox; Hail |
| 93 | 2015-06-21 | 2015-06-21 17:28:00+00:00 | 27.52 | 41.7 | 1020.0 | 172 | 15.218935301068617 | Khalifa 2018, NRIAG J. 7:22-28, Hail Saudi Arabia | Shafaq Abyad summer solstice; high altitude desert |
| 94 | 2014-11-15 | 2014-11-15 16:18:00+00:00 | 27.52 | 41.7 | 1020.0 | 319 | 25.811827873517203 | Khalifa 2018, NRIAG J. 7:22-28, Hail Saudi Arabia | Shafaq Abyad; desert plateau ~1000m elevation |
| 95 | 1985-03-20 | 1985-03-20 17:00:00+00:00 | 30.03 | 31.83 | 477.0 | 79 | 12.916632211113644 | Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG J. 3:23-26, Kottamia Egypt | Shafaq Abyad spring equinox; Kottamia |
| 96 | 1986-06-21 | 1986-06-21 18:12:00+00:00 | 30.03 | 31.83 | 477.0 | 172 | 14.459742699348775 | Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG J. 3:23-26, Kottamia Egypt | Shafaq Abyad summer solstice; elevated site; ~72 min after sunset 20:00 EEST |
| 97 | 1985-09-22 | 1985-09-22 17:18:00+00:00 | 30.03 | 31.83 | 477.0 | 265 | 19.842444029506574 | Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG J. 3:23-26, Kottamia Egypt | Shafaq Abyad autumn equinox |
| 98 | 1985-12-21 | 1985-12-21 16:32:00+00:00 | 30.03 | 31.83 | 477.0 | 355 | 19.927309129943982 | Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG J. 3:23-26, Kottamia Egypt | Shafaq Abyad winter; elevated desert observatory 477m |
| 99 | 2015-06-21 | 2015-06-21 18:10:00+00:00 | 30.5 | 30.15 | 23.0 | 172 | 12.68118961400778 | Semeida & Hassan 2018, BJBAS 7:286-290, Wadi Al Natron Egypt | Shafaq Abyad summer; desert; ~68 min after sunset 20:02 EEST |
| 100 | 2014-09-22 | 2014-09-22 17:08:00+00:00 | 30.5 | 30.15 | 23.0 | 265 | 16.20018247534745 | Semeida & Hassan 2018, BJBAS 7:286-290, Wadi Al Natron Egypt | Shafaq Abyad autumn equinox; desert |
| 101 | 2014-12-21 | 2014-12-21 16:18:00+00:00 | 30.5 | 30.15 | 23.0 | 355 | 15.809690315214066 | Semeida & Hassan 2018, BJBAS 7:286-290, Wadi Al Natron Egypt | Shafaq Abyad winter; desert site |
| 102 | 2015-03-20 | 2015-03-20 17:24:00+00:00 | 31.35 | 27.24 | 28.0 | 79 | 13.976231900456279 | Hassan et al., Time verification twilight Matrouh Egypt (Isha/dusk) | Twilight end at Matrouh; spring equinox; Isha ~14°; time inferred |
| 103 | 2015-09-22 | 2015-09-22 17:10:00+00:00 | 31.35 | 27.24 | 28.0 | 265 | 13.952188780804187 | Hassan et al., Time verification twilight Matrouh Egypt (Isha/dusk) | Twilight end; autumn equinox; time inferred |
| 104 | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 16:19:00+00:00 | 31.35 | 27.24 | 28.0 | 355 | 13.94112558189606 | Hassan et al., Time verification twilight Matrouh Egypt (Isha/dusk) | Twilight end; winter solstice; time inferred |
| 105 | 2010-03-20 | 2010-03-21 01:22:00+00:00 | 41.88 | -87.63 | 182.0 | 80 | 15.414519475499224 | Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Chicago USA | Shafaq Abyad spring equinox; Chicago |
| 106 | 2010-06-21 | 2010-06-22 03:15:00+00:00 | 41.88 | -87.63 | 182.0 | 173 | 15.231391858567427 | Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Chicago USA | Shafaq Abyad summer; long twilight at 42°N |
| 107 | 2010-09-22 | 2010-09-23 01:28:00+00:00 | 41.88 | -87.63 | 182.0 | 266 | 19.196326917043585 | Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Chicago USA | Shafaq Abyad autumn equinox |
| 108 | 2010-12-21 | 2010-12-22 00:28:00+00:00 | 41.88 | -87.63 | 182.0 | 356 | 22.445914065629502 | Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Chicago USA | Shafaq Abyad winter; ~82 min after sunset 16:20 CST |
| 109 | 2009-05-19 | 2009-05-20 02:15:00 | 42.11 | -86.49 | 190.0 | 140 | 11.620818113288934 | Moonsighting.com / Abdelkader Tayebi, moonsighting.com/how-we.html | St Joseph Michigan USA; Shafaq Ahmar (red twilight) disappearance ~10:15 PM EDT; near disappearance at 10:04 PM; single observer; NOTE: Shafaq Ahmar criterion not Shafaq Abyad |
| 110 | 2016-03-20 | 2016-03-20 20:15:00+00:00 | 51.15 | -3.65 | 430.0 | 80 | 17.086172416366704 | Asim Yusuf 'Shedding Light on the Dawn' (2017), Exmoor UK | Shafaq Abyad spring equinox |
| 111 | 2014-09-15 | 2014-09-15 20:18:00+00:00 | 51.15 | -3.65 | 430.0 | 258 | 17.128632287342086 | Asim Yusuf 'Shedding Light on the Dawn' (2017), Exmoor | Shafaq Abyad (white dusk twilight) disappearance |
| 112 | 2015-09-21 | 2015-09-21 20:22:00+00:00 | 51.15 | -3.65 | 430.0 | 264 | 19.822224962016044 | Asim Yusuf 'Shedding Light on the Dawn' (2017), Exmoor UK | Shafaq Abyad autumn equinox |
| 113 | 2013-09-22 | 2013-09-22 20:20:00+00:00 | 51.15 | -3.65 | 430.0 | 265 | 20.097560132743013 | Asim Yusuf 'Shedding Light on the Dawn' (2017), Exmoor UK | Shafaq Abyad autumn equinox; multi-observer |
| 114 | 2014-12-15 | 2014-12-15 17:42:00+00:00 | 51.15 | -3.65 | 430.0 | 349 | 13.778905174013673 | Asim Yusuf 'Shedding Light on the Dawn' (2017), Exmoor | Shafaq Abyad winter |
| 115 | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 17:38:00+00:00 | 51.15 | -3.65 | 430.0 | 355 | 12.890311223373352 | Asim Yusuf 'Shedding Light on the Dawn' (2017), Exmoor UK | Shafaq Abyad winter solstice |
| 116 | 1989-03-20 | 1989-03-20 20:22:00+00:00 | 53.748 | -2.48 | 120.0 | 79 | 17.75910485151116 | Hizbul Ulama UK (1987-1989 Blackburn observations) | Shafaq Abyad spring equinox |
| 117 | 1988-03-20 | 1988-03-20 20:20:00+00:00 | 53.748 | -2.48 | 120.0 | 80 | 17.420501638502365 | Hizbul Ulama UK (1987-1989 Blackburn observations) | Shafaq Abyad spring equinox |
| 118 | 1987-09-21 | 1987-09-21 20:45:00+00:00 | 53.748 | -2.48 | 120.0 | 264 | 22.00304630739317 | Hizbul Ulama UK (1987-1989 Blackburn observations) | Shafaq Abyad (white twilight) disappearance, autumn equinox |
| 119 | 1988-09-22 | 1988-09-22 20:48:00+00:00 | 53.748 | -2.48 | 120.0 | 266 | 23.040574240432907 | Hizbul Ulama UK (1987-1989 Blackburn observations) | Shafaq Abyad autumn equinox |
| 120 | 1987-12-21 | 1987-12-21 17:55:00+00:00 | 53.748 | -2.48 | 120.0 | 355 | 16.87596139182851 | Hizbul Ulama UK (1987-1989 Blackburn observations) | Shafaq Abyad winter solstice |
| 121 | 1988-12-21 | 1988-12-21 17:50:00+00:00 | 53.748 | -2.48 | 120.0 | 356 | 16.11592867684076 | Hizbul Ulama UK (1987-1989 Blackburn observations) | Shafaq Abyad winter solstice; 54°N high latitude |