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pray-calc-ml/data/processed/isha_angles.csv
Aric Camarata cc8d3c33d1 Expand dataset to 4,396 Fajr / 70 Isha records across 80 locations 
Added sources and sites:
- Mount Timau NTT (CC0 BRIN SQM dataset): 97 individual Fajr nights
  at two target angles (16.51° and 18.0°); pristine 21.86 mpsas site,
  1,600m; data.brin.go.id hdl:20.500.12690/RIN/A5XCJB
- Baharia (Bahariya) Oasis, Egypt: 4 seasonal records; Hassan 2014,
  NRIAG J. 3:23-26; naked-eye multi-site 1984-1987, mean 14.7°
- Labuan Bajo, Flores, NTT, Indonesia: 4 seasonal records; Maskufa
  2024, Mazahib 23(1):155-198; dark sky SQM 19.30°
- Bogor, West Java, Indonesia: 4 seasonal records; Maskufa 2024,
  Mazahib 23(1):155-198; urban SQM 13.58°
- Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia: 9 individual DSLR observations Jun-Jul 2017;
  Kassim Bahali 2018, Sains Malaysiana 47(11):2877-2885; Do range
  -15.45° to -18.06°
- Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia: 1 record; Kassim Bahali 2018 Fig 4,
  Do=-16°, time inferred via PyEphem
- Additional batch 3 aggregate sites: Tubruq Libya (3 subsets),
  Fayum Egypt, Biak Papua, Manado North Sulawesi, Lombok NTB,
  Makkah, Madinah, Karachi, Ankara, Marrakech, Kano, Johannesburg,
  Dhaka, Alexandria

Source correction: removed incorrect Setyanto 2021 Al-Hilal
attribution from Labuan Bajo and Bogor (that paper covers zodiac
light, not Fajr, at different Indonesian sites)
2026-02-25 20:44:37 -05:00

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date,utc_dt,lat,lng,elevation_m,day_of_year,isha_angle,source,notes
2006-06-21,2006-06-21 17:28:00+00:00,-33.93,18.42,10.0,172,20.72596144204628,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Cape Town South Africa",Shafaq Abyad southern hemisphere winter; 33°S
2006-12-21,2006-12-21 19:18:00+00:00,-33.93,18.42,10.0,355,14.511215004933991,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Cape Town South Africa",Shafaq Abyad southern hemisphere summer; long twilight
2019-03-21,2019-03-21 09:32:00+00:00,-31.25,149.267,590.0,80,17.478792180426545,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia",Pristine Isha; SH autumn equinox; time inferred
2019-06-22,2019-06-22 08:32:00+00:00,-31.25,149.267,590.0,173,17.39878505203631,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia",Pristine Isha; SH winter; short twilight at 31°S; time inferred
2019-09-23,2019-09-23 09:17:00+00:00,-31.25,149.267,590.0,266,17.3243513580088,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia",Pristine Isha; SH spring equinox; time inferred
2018-12-22,2018-12-22 10:42:00+00:00,-31.25,149.267,590.0,356,17.418973383675574,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Coonabarabran NSW Australia",Pristine Isha; SH summer; long twilight; time inferred
2015-03-21,2015-03-21 11:09:00+00:00,-10.2,123.6,50.0,80,18.761858583939073,"Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Kupang NTT Indonesia dusk",Photometer dusk at -18.853°; NOTE: may measure end of astronomical twilight vs Shafaq Abyad; spring equinox; time inferred
2015-06-22,2015-06-22 10:52:00+00:00,-10.2,123.6,50.0,173,18.73244095918383,"Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Kupang NTT Indonesia dusk",Photometer dusk at -18.853°; southern hemisphere winter; time inferred
2015-09-23,2015-09-23 10:54:00+00:00,-10.2,123.6,50.0,266,18.66171776542293,"Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Kupang NTT Indonesia dusk",Photometer dusk at -18.853°; autumn equinox; time inferred
2015-12-22,2015-12-22 11:27:00+00:00,-10.2,123.6,50.0,356,18.776565688769402,"Herdiwijaya 2020, J. Phys. Conf. 1523, Kupang NTT Indonesia dusk",Photometer dusk at -18.853°; southern hemisphere summer; time inferred
2008-01-15,2008-01-15 12:19:00+00:00,2.46,101.867,15.0,15,14.22435047488804,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM dusk",SQM dusk; mean 14.38°; winter; time inferred
2008-04-15,2008-04-15 12:12:00+00:00,2.46,101.867,15.0,106,14.19409102931759,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM dusk",SQM dusk; mean 14.38°; spring; time inferred
2007-05-15,2007-05-15 12:13:00+00:00,2.46,101.867,15.0,135,14.319810052501785,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM dusk",SQM dusk; mean 14.38°; may measure different Shafaq threshold than 16-17° papers; time inferred
2007-09-22,2007-09-22 12:02:00+00:00,2.46,101.867,15.0,265,14.131031307805449,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA, Teluk Kemang Malaysia SQM dusk",SQM dusk; mean 14.38°; autumn equinox; time inferred
2008-03-20,2008-03-20 12:12:00+00:00,3.004,101.403,5.0,80,12.538417316013357,"Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Port Klang Malaysia",Shafaq Abyad spring equinox; near-equatorial site
2007-06-21,2007-06-21 12:28:00+00:00,3.004,101.403,5.0,172,15.18490559107632,"Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Port Klang Malaysia","Shafaq Abyad, west coast site, June"
2007-09-22,2007-09-22 12:16:00+00:00,3.004,101.403,5.0,265,17.153222675901425,"Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Port Klang Malaysia",Shafaq Abyad autumn equinox; near equator
2007-12-21,2007-12-21 12:07:00+00:00,3.004,101.403,5.0,355,13.73664508607151,"Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Port Klang Malaysia","Shafaq Abyad, west coast site, December"
2019-03-20,2019-03-20 12:49:00+00:00,3.595,98.672,22.0,79,19.006531327934564,"OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia",Shafaq Ahmar spring equinox; equatorial latitude
2018-06-21,2018-06-21 12:52:00+00:00,3.595,98.672,22.0,172,17.853482697915105,"OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia",Shafaq Ahmar (red dusk twilight) June; near equator
2019-09-22,2019-09-22 12:51:00+00:00,3.595,98.672,22.0,265,23.15953052256514,"OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia",Shafaq Ahmar autumn equinox
2018-12-21,2018-12-21 12:48:00+00:00,3.595,98.672,22.0,355,20.820721779043744,"OIF UMSU 2017-2020, Medan North Sumatra Indonesia",Shafaq Ahmar December; near equator
2008-01-15,2008-01-15 12:16:00+00:00,4.183,102.04,76.0,15,14.304896334449062,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12:7-29, Kuala Lipis Malaysia",Shafaq Abyad winter; Kuala Lipis; time inferred
2008-03-20,2008-03-20 12:15:00+00:00,4.183,102.04,76.0,80,13.902877376317635,"Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Kuala Lipis Malaysia","Shafaq Abyad, spring equinox"
2008-04-15,2008-04-15 12:13:00+00:00,4.183,102.04,76.0,106,14.273538935969533,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12:7-29, Kuala Lipis Malaysia",Shafaq Abyad spring; Kuala Lipis 76m; time inferred
2007-05-15,2007-05-15 12:15:00+00:00,4.183,102.04,76.0,135,14.34835938945879,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12:7-29, Kuala Lipis Malaysia",Shafaq Abyad end; 4.2°N 76m; Isha 14.38°; time inferred from mean angle
2007-06-21,2007-06-21 12:32:00+00:00,4.183,102.04,76.0,172,16.14961346227997,"Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Kuala Lipis Malaysia","Shafaq Abyad disappearance, June; near equator"
2007-09-22,2007-09-22 12:20:00+00:00,4.183,102.04,76.0,265,18.755050592883862,"Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Kuala Lipis Malaysia","Shafaq Abyad disappearance, September equinox"
2007-09-22,2007-09-22 12:02:00+00:00,4.183,102.04,76.0,265,14.267391765716521,"Abdel-Hadi & Hassan 2022, IJAA 12:7-29, Kuala Lipis Malaysia",Shafaq Abyad autumn equinox; Kuala Lipis; time inferred
2007-12-21,2007-12-21 12:10:00+00:00,4.183,102.04,76.0,355,15.474037743926715,"Hamidi 2007-2008 Isha study, Kuala Lipis Malaysia","Shafaq Abyad disappearance, December; near equator"
2007-03-21,2007-03-21 11:35:00+00:00,5.933,116.05,5.0,80,17.857891585024348,"Niri & Zainuddin, Isha prayer time determination, Tanjung Aru Sabah",SQM-LE; Shafaq Abyad disappearance; mean 17.99° depression; time inferred
2007-06-22,2007-06-22 11:47:00+00:00,5.933,116.05,5.0,173,17.787197419567423,"Niri & Zainuddin, Isha prayer time determination, Tanjung Aru Sabah",SQM-LE; Shafaq Abyad; summer at near-equatorial site
2007-09-23,2007-09-23 11:20:00+00:00,5.933,116.05,5.0,266,17.83225788506929,"Niri & Zainuddin, Isha prayer time determination, Tanjung Aru Sabah",SQM-LE; Shafaq Abyad; autumn equinox
2007-12-22,2007-12-22 11:22:00+00:00,5.933,116.05,5.0,356,17.890311077919815,"Niri & Zainuddin, Isha prayer time determination, Tanjung Aru Sabah",SQM-LE; Shafaq Abyad; winter season
2018-03-20,2018-03-20 12:29:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,79,17.43206685631449,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine site Isha; 17.49° twilight stability; spring equinox; time inferred
2018-06-21,2018-06-21 12:41:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,172,17.288274298812794,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine site Isha; summer; 6.3°N; time inferred
2018-09-22,2018-09-22 12:14:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,265,17.337122104209435,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine site Isha; autumn equinox; time inferred
2018-12-21,2018-12-21 12:14:00+00:00,6.317,102.15,3.0,355,17.291959185870017,"LP2024 Scientific Reports PMC11535048, Pantai Mek Mas Kelantan Malaysia",Pristine site Isha; winter solstice; time inferred
2005-06-21,2005-06-21 15:52:00+00:00,24.86,67.01,8.0,172,17.758413294857696,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Karachi Pakistan",Shafaq Abyad summer; Karachi
2005-12-21,2005-12-21 14:12:00+00:00,24.86,67.01,8.0,355,18.566364909514967,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Karachi Pakistan",Shafaq Abyad winter; 25°N latitude
2015-01-15,2015-01-15 15:52:00+00:00,27.52,41.7,1020.0,15,15.807111918802388,"Khalifa 2018, NRIAG J. 7:22-28, Hail Saudi Arabia",Shafaq Abyad winter; Hail
2015-03-20,2015-03-20 16:12:00+00:00,27.52,41.7,1020.0,79,11.406862437538283,"Khalifa 2018, NRIAG J. 7:22-28, Hail Saudi Arabia",Shafaq Abyad spring equinox; Hail
2015-06-21,2015-06-21 17:28:00+00:00,27.52,41.7,1020.0,172,15.218935301068617,"Khalifa 2018, NRIAG J. 7:22-28, Hail Saudi Arabia",Shafaq Abyad summer solstice; high altitude desert
2014-11-15,2014-11-15 16:18:00+00:00,27.52,41.7,1020.0,319,25.811827873517203,"Khalifa 2018, NRIAG J. 7:22-28, Hail Saudi Arabia",Shafaq Abyad; desert plateau ~1000m elevation
1985-03-20,1985-03-20 17:00:00+00:00,30.03,31.83,477.0,79,12.916632211113644,"Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG J. 3:23-26, Kottamia Egypt",Shafaq Abyad spring equinox; Kottamia
1986-06-21,1986-06-21 18:12:00+00:00,30.03,31.83,477.0,172,14.459742699348775,"Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG J. 3:23-26, Kottamia Egypt",Shafaq Abyad summer solstice; elevated site; ~72 min after sunset 20:00 EEST
1985-09-22,1985-09-22 17:18:00+00:00,30.03,31.83,477.0,265,19.842444029506574,"Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG J. 3:23-26, Kottamia Egypt",Shafaq Abyad autumn equinox
1985-12-21,1985-12-21 16:32:00+00:00,30.03,31.83,477.0,355,19.927309129943982,"Hassan et al. 2014, NRIAG J. 3:23-26, Kottamia Egypt",Shafaq Abyad winter; elevated desert observatory 477m
2015-06-21,2015-06-21 18:10:00+00:00,30.5,30.15,23.0,172,12.68118961400778,"Semeida & Hassan 2018, BJBAS 7:286-290, Wadi Al Natron Egypt",Shafaq Abyad summer; desert; ~68 min after sunset 20:02 EEST
2014-09-22,2014-09-22 17:08:00+00:00,30.5,30.15,23.0,265,16.20018247534745,"Semeida & Hassan 2018, BJBAS 7:286-290, Wadi Al Natron Egypt",Shafaq Abyad autumn equinox; desert
2014-12-21,2014-12-21 16:18:00+00:00,30.5,30.15,23.0,355,15.809690315214066,"Semeida & Hassan 2018, BJBAS 7:286-290, Wadi Al Natron Egypt",Shafaq Abyad winter; desert site
2015-03-20,2015-03-20 17:24:00+00:00,31.35,27.24,28.0,79,13.976231900456279,"Hassan et al., Time verification twilight Matrouh Egypt (Isha/dusk)",Twilight end at Matrouh; spring equinox; Isha ~14°; time inferred
2015-09-22,2015-09-22 17:10:00+00:00,31.35,27.24,28.0,265,13.952188780804187,"Hassan et al., Time verification twilight Matrouh Egypt (Isha/dusk)",Twilight end; autumn equinox; time inferred
2015-12-21,2015-12-21 16:19:00+00:00,31.35,27.24,28.0,355,13.94112558189606,"Hassan et al., Time verification twilight Matrouh Egypt (Isha/dusk)",Twilight end; winter solstice; time inferred
2010-03-20,2010-03-21 01:22:00+00:00,41.88,-87.63,182.0,80,15.414519475499224,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Chicago USA",Shafaq Abyad spring equinox; Chicago
2010-06-21,2010-06-22 03:15:00+00:00,41.88,-87.63,182.0,173,15.231391858567427,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Chicago USA",Shafaq Abyad summer; long twilight at 42°N
2010-09-22,2010-09-23 01:28:00+00:00,41.88,-87.63,182.0,266,19.196326917043585,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Chicago USA",Shafaq Abyad autumn equinox
2010-12-21,2010-12-22 00:28:00+00:00,41.88,-87.63,182.0,356,22.445914065629502,"Moonsighting.com / Khalid Shaukat, Chicago USA",Shafaq Abyad winter; ~82 min after sunset 16:20 CST
2016-03-20,2016-03-20 20:15:00+00:00,51.15,-3.65,430.0,80,17.086172416366704,"Asim Yusuf 'Shedding Light on the Dawn' (2017), Exmoor UK",Shafaq Abyad spring equinox
2014-09-15,2014-09-15 20:18:00+00:00,51.15,-3.65,430.0,258,17.128632287342086,"Asim Yusuf 'Shedding Light on the Dawn' (2017), Exmoor",Shafaq Abyad (white dusk twilight) disappearance
2015-09-21,2015-09-21 20:22:00+00:00,51.15,-3.65,430.0,264,19.822224962016044,"Asim Yusuf 'Shedding Light on the Dawn' (2017), Exmoor UK",Shafaq Abyad autumn equinox
2013-09-22,2013-09-22 20:20:00+00:00,51.15,-3.65,430.0,265,20.097560132743013,"Asim Yusuf 'Shedding Light on the Dawn' (2017), Exmoor UK",Shafaq Abyad autumn equinox; multi-observer
2014-12-15,2014-12-15 17:42:00+00:00,51.15,-3.65,430.0,349,13.778905174013673,"Asim Yusuf 'Shedding Light on the Dawn' (2017), Exmoor",Shafaq Abyad winter
2015-12-21,2015-12-21 17:38:00+00:00,51.15,-3.65,430.0,355,12.890311223373352,"Asim Yusuf 'Shedding Light on the Dawn' (2017), Exmoor UK",Shafaq Abyad winter solstice
1989-03-20,1989-03-20 20:22:00+00:00,53.748,-2.48,120.0,79,17.75910485151116,Hizbul Ulama UK (1987-1989 Blackburn observations),Shafaq Abyad spring equinox
1988-03-20,1988-03-20 20:20:00+00:00,53.748,-2.48,120.0,80,17.420501638502365,Hizbul Ulama UK (1987-1989 Blackburn observations),Shafaq Abyad spring equinox
1987-09-21,1987-09-21 20:45:00+00:00,53.748,-2.48,120.0,264,22.00304630739317,Hizbul Ulama UK (1987-1989 Blackburn observations),"Shafaq Abyad (white twilight) disappearance, autumn equinox"
1988-09-22,1988-09-22 20:48:00+00:00,53.748,-2.48,120.0,266,23.040574240432907,Hizbul Ulama UK (1987-1989 Blackburn observations),Shafaq Abyad autumn equinox
1987-12-21,1987-12-21 17:55:00+00:00,53.748,-2.48,120.0,355,16.87596139182851,Hizbul Ulama UK (1987-1989 Blackburn observations),Shafaq Abyad winter solstice
1988-12-21,1988-12-21 17:50:00+00:00,53.748,-2.48,120.0,356,16.11592867684076,Hizbul Ulama UK (1987-1989 Blackburn observations),Shafaq Abyad winter solstice; 54°N high latitude
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